The Handy Math Answer Book

Resistor, 340

Resting heart rate, 406

Rhind, A. Henry, 14–15

Rhind papyrus, 101

Rhombus, 183

Richardson, Lewis Fry, 312

Richter, Charles Francis, 301

Richter Scale, 301–2

Riemann, Georg Friedrich

Bernhard, 30, 31, 207, 454

Riemann hypothesis, 30

Riemann’s geometry, 205

Ries, Adam, 24, 95

Right angle, 174

Right-limits, 218

Right triangle, 181, 182 (ill.)

parts of, 182

Pythagorean Theorem,

183

trigonometric functions,

201, 202 (ill.)

Ring, 161–62

Rock layers, 297, 299 (ill.)

Rolle’s Theorem, 226

Roman calendar, 62

Roman foot, 45

Roman numerals, 19–21, 20

(table), 23, 70

Root, 97

Rotation, 174, 192

Round the Moon(Verne),

455

Rows, 237–38

Rubaiyat(Khayyám), 22

“Rubber sheet” geometry,

207

Rubik, Ernö, 426

Rubik’s Cube, 426, 426 (ill.)

Rule of position, 9

Ruler, 399–400

Runs batted in, 434

Russell, Bertrand Arthur

William, 31–32, 120, 122

Russell, Henry Norris, 292

Russell’s Paradox, 122

Russian roulette, 255

Rutherford, Ernest, 34

S

Saffir, Herbert, 310

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane

Damage-Potential Scale,

310–11 (table)

St. Ives problem, 426–28

St. Petersburg Mathematical

Society, 448

Salamis tablet, 348

Sales tax, 409–10

Salsburg, David, 454

Sample, 256, 257

Sample space, 246, 249

Sample statistic, 257

Sampling, 257, 258

Sangaku, 384

Scale drawings, 337–38

Scale of a map, 417, 419

Scalene triangle, 182, 182

(ill.)

Scales, 54–55

Scanning tunneling micro-

scope, 350

Scheutz, Edvard, 354

Scheutz, George, 354

Schickard, Wilhelm, 146,

352–53

Schlafly, Roger, 367

School algebra, 131–32

Schrödinger, Erwin, 34, 283

Science Daily(online maga-

zine), 459

Science News(magazine),

452

Scientific American(maga-

zine), 452

Scientific notation, 54, 89

Scieszka, Jon, 456

Sea level, 302, 302 (ill.)

Search engines, 369, 460

Sears Tower, 337

Secant, 201

Second, 58–59

Second derivative, 225

Section, 198

Seife, Charles, 453

Seismographs, 301

Semicircle, 184

Senary system, 6

Septenary system, 6

Sequence, 213–15, 216

Sequence of partial sums, 215

Series, 215–16, 217

Set, 123

Set of ordered pairs of num-

bers, 196

Set-theoretical Platonism,

114, 114 (ill.)

Set theory. See also

Axiomatic system; Logic

approach to arithmetic,

124

axiomatic, 122

Cantor, George Ferdi-

nand Ludwig Philipp,

31, 33

cardinal numbers, 126

closed set, 124

combinatorics, 127–28

countable set, 127

definition of, 122

finite sets, 126

functions, 128–29

interpretation of, 123

naive, 122

null/empty set, 124

open set, 124

operations, 125–26

ordered pair, 128

ordinal numbers, 126

probability, 251

proper subset, 126

set, 123

subset, 126

superset, 126

symbols used in, 124–25,

124–25 (table)

universal set, 126

Zermelo’s axiom of

choice, 127

Seven, as lucky and unlucky

number, 385

Sexadecimal system, 6

Sexagesimal system, 6

Sextic equations, 151

Shannon, Claude E., 270

Shaw, Gordon, 378

Shells, 4

Short ton, 47

SI (Système International

d’Unités), 50

SI derived units, 51

Sidereal days, 297

502 Sieve of Eratosthenes, 83

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