The Handy Math Answer Book

Stock market financial indi-

cators, 390–91

Stomachion, 423, 424 (ill.)

Stonehenge, 335–36, 337 (ill.)

Store discount, 409

Straight angle, 174

Straight line, 171–72

Stratified sampling, 257

Strike, 297, 299 (ill.)

String, 4

Structural analysis, 325

Student mathematics orga-

nizations, 445–46

Su, Francis Edward, 462

Suanpan, 349

Subjective probability, 247

Subset, 126

Subtraction, 92–93

Subtraction symbol, 93

Sum, 91

Sumerian oral counting sys-

tem, 6–7

Sumerians, 6–8, 56

Sun, 288, 291

Sundial, 56–57, 57 (ill.)

Supercomputers, 365, 369

Superset, 126

Supplementary angles, 175,

176 (ill.)

Supply and demand, 390

Surface, 179

Surface area, 189, 190–91,

480

Surveyors, 330–31, 331 (ill.)

Survivorship curves, 320,

320 (ill.)

Swiss Mathematical Society,

448

Syllogisms, 104, 105, 106, 426

Sylvester, James, 157

Symbolic logic, 28, 30–31,

107–8, 109

Symbols, 71, 71 (ill.)

Symmetry, 262, 338–39, 339

(ill.)

System of equations, 141

T

T-puzzle, 424, 425 (ill.)

Tang, Gregory, 456

Tangent, 201

Tangent lines, 176, 177 (ill.)

Tangram, 422–23

Tans, 422

Target heart-rate zone, 407

Target population, 256

Tartaglia, Niccoló, 23, 25

Technology, 460

Temperatures, 54–55, 405

Tensor, 240

Terms, 213

Ternary system, 6

Tessellations, 377

Test scores, 401

Thales of Miletus, 11, 16, 166

Theodolite, 330

Theon of Alexandria, 18

Theorems, 117, 178

Thermodynamics, 305

Thermometer, 54

Thirteen, as unlucky num-

ber, 385

Thom, René, 35

Thomson, Sir William

(Baron Kelvin of Largs), 55

Three-dimensional Cartesian

coordinates, 194 (ill.), 195

Three dimensions, 169–70

Three-valued logic, 110

Tiling puzzles, 422

Time

Babylonians, 8–9

base-60 system, 56

clock, 57–58, 58 (ill.), 59

and mathematics, 55

second, 58–59

timekeeping, 55–56,

397–99, 398 (ill.)

Time zones, 416, 417 (ill.)

Timekeeping, 55–56, 397–98

Tip, 410, 411 (ill.)

Tire pressure, 402–3

Titanic prime, 84

Titius-Bode Law, 291, 291

(table), 292 (ill.)

Titius, Johann Daniel, 291

Tomatis, Alfred A., 378

Ton, 47

Tonne, 47

Topological structure, 206

Topology, 206–7

Tornadoes, 311–13 (tables),

313 (ill.)

Torricelli, Evangelista, 210

Tossing a coin, 246–47

Touchdown percentage, 435

Transcendental numbers, 162

Translation, 171, 192

Trapezoid, 183, 479

Triangles, 181–83, 479

Trigonometry. See alsoAna-

lytic geometry; Geometric

measurements; Geometry;

Plane geometry; Solid

geometry

angles, 200, 200 (ill.)

circle, 202, 202 (ill.)

definition of, 200

degrees, 200–201

derivatives of trigonomet-

ric functions, 226–28

functions, 201–3, 203 (ill.)

Hipparchus of Rhodes, 16

hyperbolic functions,

204–5

identities, 203, 204

periodic function, 204

radians, 200–201

right triangle, 201, 202

(ill.)

surveying, 330–31

Trinomial, 150

Triple integrals, 231–32

Troncet, 356

Troncet, J. L., 356

Troy ounce, 47, 48 (ill.)

Truth functions, 108–9

Truth table, 109 (table),

109–10

Truth values, 108–9

Turing, Alan Mathison, 33,

34, 361–62

Turing machine, 361–62

Twelve-hour interval, 397,

398–99

Twenty-four-hour clock, 397,

398

Twin primes, 84

Two-dimensional Cartesian

coordinates, 193

Two dimensions, 169–70,

504 170 (ill.)

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