Step 2. SEARCHING FOR REVERSIBLE FACTORS:
These factors are classified as the following:
a. Pre-renal factors such as:
- Bilateral renal artery stenosis.
- Severe cardiac failure.
- Malignant hypertension.
- Hypotension.
- Dehydration and hypovolaemia.
b. Renal causes factors such as:
- Active glomerular disease
- Active tubulo-interstitial disease
- Pyelonephritis
c. Postrenal factors:
Causing obstruction of urine flow from both kidneys such as:
- Stone
- Stricture ureters
- Enlarged prostate
- Bladder neck obstruction
Step 3. CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC RENAL
FAILURE:
a. Dietary control:
- Protein is usually restricted to 0.6-1 gm/kg/day (an amount which
satisfies the physiologic requirements. - Fluid restriction equivalent to the patient's daily fluid loss. This
equals: the sensible water loss (e.g. urine, vomitus and diarrhea)
plus the Insensible water loss (respiratory and sweat) which is