Etiology of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Hereditary.
- Congenital • Fabry's disease
- Non-Hereditary.
- Idiopathic • Cystic disease
- Obstructive nephropathy • Interstitial nephritis
- Chronic renal failure
- Electrolyte disorder
• Hypokalaemia .........................................................
- Drugs
- Diuretics • Lithium
- Demeclocycline (tetracycline)
- Methoxyflurane • Colchicine
- Amphotericin B • Propoxyphene
- Chlorpromazine
- Miscellaneous
- Amyloidosis • Multiple myeloma
- Sjogren's Syndrome • Low protein intake
Clinical features and diagnosis
- Mainly polyuria (3-6 litres/day) and polydepsia.
- Hypernatraemia will develop only in infants or unconscious patients
who cannot ask for water or in patients with impaired thirst
mechanism (hypokalaemia, hypocalcemia or hypothalamic lesion).
This will be manifested by dehydration, hypotension, restlessness,
ataxia, seizures and grand mal fits.