- Recovery phase of ATN or post-obstructive ARF
- Tubulotoxicity as cisplatin, amphotericin
- Diabetic hyperglycaemia
B- Gastrointestinal loss
1- Prolonged or severe diarrhoea
2- Laxative abuse
3- Prolonged vomiting
4- Ileus with massive intestinal dilatation.
C- Redistribution of K+ into cells
• Metabolic alkalosis
2- Periodic muscle paralysis
3- Beta-adrenergic agonists e.g. salbutamol
4- Insulin.
D- Inadequate K+ intake
Intravenous fluid without K+ in patient without oral intake.
Bartter's Syndrome is a rare disease characterized with
hypokalaemic alkalosis, hyperreninaemic hyperaldosteronism, high
urinary prostaglandin E and prostacyclin concentration and normal blood
pressure. Kidney biopsy will show hypertrophied juxtaglomerular
apparatus.
In the non renal causes of hypokalaemia when the kidney is intact,
it can decrease urinary K+ to <20 mmol/day:
Clinical features:
Usually appear when plasma K+ is less than 2.5 mmol/L
