Characterized by slowly (over months to years) progressive uraemia
and the patient usually presents with manifestations of chronic renal
failure. Urine analysis may show broad casts, loss of ability to
concentrate urine (urine specific gravity is equal to plasma),
proteinuria (mild) and microscopic haematuria. Serum analysis
shows high serum creatinine and phosphate, low calcium, anaemia
and metabolic acidosis.- Asymptomatic urinary abnormality:
As microscopic haematuria or proteinuria or both. The prognosis is
usually excellent and no treatment is required.
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
(NS)Definition: is a syndrome characterized by heavy proteinuria (more than
3.5gm/24h/1.73m^2 ), hypoalbuminaemia, hyperlipidaemia and edema.
Etiology:
Nephrotic syndrome could be primary or a part of a systemic
disease (i.e. secondary).
Secondary nephrotic syndrome may be due to any of the following:
- Postinfection (e.g. Schistosoma and malaria).
- Drug (e.g. penicillamine, phenytoin, gold and nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs as aspirin). - Metabolic (e.g. D.M., amyloidosis).
- Collagen and autoimmune disease (e.g. SLE, rheumatoid).
- Malignancy (e.g. Lymphoma, multiple myeloma).