Metabolic- hyponatremia • hyperkalemia
• Respiratory acidosis ....................................................
• Hypocalcaemia
Neurologic- coma • seizures
Gastrointestinal- gastritis • gastroduodenal ulcers
Haematologic- anaemia • hemorrhagic diathesis
Infections- pneumonia • septicemia
- UTI
Investigations of ARF:
A- Urinary indices:-
May be helpful in the differentiation between pre-renal failure and
acute tubular necrosis. Diuretics should not be given at least during the
preceeding 48 hours for these parameters to be valid.