- Chronic urinary tract infection
- Chronic urinary tract obstruction:
This may be upper or lower urinary tract obstruction. It results in
hydronephrosis which if left untreated may result in CFR.
Causes of upper urinary tract obstruction include bilateral ureteric
or renal stones, bilateral neoplasms and bilateral ureteric stricture.
Causes of lower urinary tract obstruction include bladder tumour,
senile prostatic enlargement, huge bladder stones and stricture urethra
Association of infection and obstruction is the most common cause
of renal failure as obstruction may invite infection and infection may lead
to obstruction.
- Collagen diseases:
Collagen diseases such as S.L.E. and polyarteritis nodosa,
rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis may cause chronic renal
failure. - Metabolic diseases:
Renal amyloidosis; which is usually a complication of Familial
Mediterranean Fever (FMF) or chronic suppuration (e.g. osteomyelitis)
may end by chronic renal failure.
Gout may cause chronic renal failure either directly (gouty
nephropathy) or secondary to abuse of NSAIDs. More commonly it
develops by the two mechanisms.