Hasan, M. 1993. “Competing Symbols and Shared Codes: Inter-community Relations
in Modern India,” in S. Gopal, ed., Anatomy of a Confrontation: Ayodhya and the Rise of
Communal Politics in India.London: Zed Books. Sympathetic exploration of the amica-
ble dimension of Hindu–Muslim relations.
Jaffrelot, C. 1996. Hindu Nationalist Movement in India. New York: Columbia University
Press. Authoritative and comprehensive study.
Ludden, D., ed. 1996. Making India Hindu: Religion, Community, and the Politics of Democ-
racy in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Wide-ranging collection of essays on a
range of relevant topics.
Madan, T. N. 1997. Modern Myths, Locked Minds: Secularism and Fundamentalism in India.
Delhi: Oxford University Press. Thoughtful challenge to India’s constitutional
structure.
Nandy, A. et al. 1995. Creating a Nationality – The Ramjanmabhumi Movement and Fear of
the Self. Delhi: Oxford University Press. Nuanced account of the psychological crisis of
identity in relation to the Ayodhya issue.
Pandey, G., ed. 1993. Hindu and Others: The Question of Identity in India Today. New Delhi:
Viking.
Ram Prasad, C. 1993. “Hindutva Ideology: Extracting the Fundamentals,” Contemporary
South Asia2 (3): 285–309. Theoretical analysis of pluralism and Hindutva.
——. 2000. “Hindu Nationalism and the International Relations of India,” in K. Dark,
ed.,Religion and International Relations. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Richman, P., ed. 1991. Many Ramayanas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South
Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press.
van der Veer, P. 1996. “Writing Violence,” in D. Ludden, ed., Making India Hindu. Delhi:
Oxford University Press, pp. 250–69. Eloquent and provocative study of the irreducible
inexplicability of communal violence.
Vanaik, A. 1997. The Furies of Communalism: Religion, Modernity and Secularisation.
London: Verso. Historical and theoretical critique of a variety of Hindu-based ideas
and movements, from a strong left-wing perspective.
Useful Websites
http://www.bjp.org: Official site of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
http://www.india-today.com: Sophisticated interactive version of the premier Indian
news magazine.
http://www.rss.org: Site of the RSS, contains writings of Hindutva ideologues,
especially Golwalkar.
http://www.the-hindu.com: The respected and widely read Indian newspaper, The
Hindu.
550 c. ram-prasad