(^124) Medical-Surgical Nursing Demystified
of drug-resistant organisms. Initial treatment times generally range from 6 to 12
months. Longer treatment plans may be necessary for those with HIV infection or
drug-resistant strains of TB. Some patient populations are monitored closely for
compliance with direct observation of drug treatment. Patient teaching is important
for medication protocol compliance and monitoring for side effects. Repeat sputum
cultures are typically taken to see that the treatment for active disease is effective.
- Administer antitubercular medications to treat and prevent transmission:
- isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin
- Respiratory isolation for in-hospital care—the bacteria is spread by droplet.
- Increase protein, carbohydrates, and vitamin C diet for patients.
NURSING DIAGNOSES
- Fatigue
- Ineffective airway clearance
NURSING INTERVENTION
- Monitor respiration for rate, effort, use of accessory muscles, and skin color
changes. - Increase fluid intake to help liquefy any secretions.
- Record fluid intake and output.
- Explain to the patient:
- How to prevent spreading the disease.
- The importance of finishing all prescribed medication.
- Plan for rest periods during the day.
Acute Respiratory Failure
WHAT WENT WRONG?
The lungs are unable to adequately exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide because
of insufficient ventilation. The body is not able to maintain enough oxygen or the
body may not get rid of enough carbon dioxide. A respiratory illness can deterio-15