Medical Terminology Simplified

5–9 Some of the main vessels associated with circulation are illustrated in

Figure 5–2. Observe the locations and label the structures as you read the following

material. The (4) aorta,the largest blood vessel in the body, is the main trunk of sys-

temic circulation. It starts and arches out at the left ventricle. Deoxygenated blood

enters the (5) right atriumvia two large veins, the vena cavae (singular, vena cava).

The (6) superior vena cavaconveys blood from the upper portion of the body (head,

arms, and chest); the (7) inferior vena cavaconveys blood from the lower portion of

the body (abdomen, pelvis, and legs).

5–10 Blood in the veins, except for pulmonary veins, has a low oxygen content

(deoxygenated) and a relatively high concentration of carbon dioxide. In contrast to

the bright red color of the oxygenated blood in the arteries, deoxygenated blood has a

dark blue to purplish color.

The term in this frame that means low oxygen content is ____________________.

5–11 Label Figure 5–2 as you continue to identify and learn about the struc-

tures and functions of the circulatory system. The (8) pulmonary trunkis the

only artery that carries deoxygenated blood. As deoxygenated blood is pumped

from the right ventricle, it enters the pulmonary trunk. The pulmonary trunk

runs diagonally upward, then divides abruptly to form the branches of the right

and left pulmonary arteries. Each branch conveys deoxygenated blood to the

lungs. The (9) right lunghas three lobes; the (10) left lunghas two lobes.

Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart via four pulmonary veins, which deposit

the blood into the (11) left atrium.There are two (12) right pulmonary veins

and two (13) left pulmonary veins.

Competency Verification:Check your labeling of Figure 5–2 in Appendix B: Answer Key, page 574.

5–12 Internally, the heart is composed of four chambers. The upper chambers are

the (1) right atrium (RA)and (2) left atrium (LA). The lower chambers are the

(3) right ventricle (RV)and (4) left ventricle (LV). Locate and label the chambers

of the heart in Figure 5–3.

5–13 The CF atri/orefers to the atrium. A term that means pertaining to the

atrium is __________ / __________.

5–14 The heart consists of two upper chambers, the right

____________________and the __________atrium.

Boldfaceindicates a word root or combining form. Blueindicates a suffix. Pinkindicates a prefix.

162 CHAPTER 5• Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

deoxygenated

dē-ŎK-sĭ-jĕn-ā-tĕd

atrium, left

Ā-trē-ŭm

atri/al

Ā-trē-ăl