Rossiter-Thornton, J. F. Prayer in psychotherapy. Alternative Therapies Health Medicine, Jan
2000, 6(1):128, 125-127.
Rottenberg, J., F. H. Wilhelm, J. J. Gross, and I. H. Gotlib. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia
during resolution of tearful crying among depressed and nondepressed individuals.
Psychophysiology. In Press.
Ruetiger, David L. Bodywork and psychotherapy. Massage & Bodywork, Feb/Mar 2005, pp. 64-
68.
Ruggieri, V., M. L. Amoroso, A. Balbi, and M. T. Borso. Relationship between emotions and
some aspects of respiratory activity: Morphology of the chest, cyclic activity, and acid-base
balance. Perceptual Motor Skills, 1986, 62:111-117.
Ruuskanen, J. M., and I. Ruoppila. Physical activity and psychological well-being among
people aged 65 to 84 years. Age Ageing, 1995, 24:292-296.
Sakakibara, M., and J. Hayano. Effect of slowed respiration on cardiac parasympathetic
response to threat. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1996, 58:32-37.
Sallis, J. F., and K. L. Lichstein. Analysis and management of geriatric anxiety. International
Journal of Aging and Human Development, 1982, 15(3):197-211. (Includes relaxation
techniques.)
Salmon, P. Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress:
A unifying theory. Clinical Psychological Review, Feb 2001, 21(1):33-61. PMID: 11148895.
Author email: [email protected].
Abstract: Until recently, claims for the psychological benefits of physical exercise have tended to
precede supportive evidence. Acutely, emotional effects of exercise remain confusing, both
positive and negative effects being reported. Results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
are more consistent in indicating that aerobic exercise training has antidepressant and anxiolytic
effects and protects against harmful consequences of stress. Details of each of these effects
remain unclear. Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects have been demonstrated most clearly in
subclinical disorder, and clinical applications remain to be exploited. Cross-sectional studies link
exercise habits to protection from harmful effects of stress on physical and mental health, but
causality is not clear. Nevertheless, the pattern of evidence suggests the theory that exercise
training recruits a process which confers enduring resilience to stress. This view allows the
effects of exercise to be understood in terms of existing psychobiological knowledge, and it can
thereby provide the theoretical base that is needed to guide future research in this area. Clinically,
exercise training continues to offer clinical psychologists a vehicle for nonspecific therapeutic
social and psychological processes. It also offers a specific psychological treatment that may be
particularly effective for patients for whom more conventional psychological interventions are
less acceptable.
Schaller, K. J. Effects of TCC [Tai Chi Chuan] on balance, mood, health status and blood
pressure. Journal of Gerontology for Nurses, Oct 1996, 22(10):12-17.
Sollod, R. N. Integrating spiritual healing approaches and techniques into psychotherapy. In
Georg Stricker and Jerold R. Gold, eds., Comprehensive Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration.
New York: Plenum Press, 1993.