Programming and Graphics

3.7 Formatted input and output 75

prints on the screen the pattern:

+---+---+---+---+

+---+---+---+---+

+---+---+---+---+

The code:

cout << setfill(’-’) << setw(20) << "-" <<endl;

cout << setfill(’.’) << setw(20) <<""<<endl;

cout << setfill(’=’) << setw(15) << "Thank you"

<< setw(5) << ""<< endl;

cout << setfill(’.’) << setw(20) <<""<<endl;

cout << setfill(’-’) << setw(20) <<""<<endl;

prints on the screen the pattern:

--------------------

...................

======Thank you=====

....................

--------------------

Table 3.7.1 presents I/O manipulators with brief descriptions. Some of
these manipulators apply to only one read or write, whereas others apply per-
manently until reset.

Formatting can also be implemented by the manipulators

setiosflags(ios::property1|ios::property2|...);

and

resetiosflags(ios::property1|ios::property2|...);

For example, the property attributeproperty1can befixedorscientific
(referring to notation),showpoint, or other. Thus, the commands:

pi=3.14159265358;

cout << setprecision(5) << setw(10);

cout << setiosflags(ios::scientific);

cout << pi << endl;

produce the output:

3.14159e+00