Table 1
Means and Standard Deviations for Religiosity,
Psychological Trauma, Poverty, and Controls
1978 1988 1998
Mean Std.Dev. Mean Std.Dev. Mean Std.Dev.Attendance at 3.63 2.77 3.92 2.66 3.64 2.79
Religious Services
Psychological Trauma .38 .49 .43 .50 11.28 4.46
Life in Poverty .14 .35 .11 .31 .14 .35
Urban Poverty .38 1.13 .30 .98 .48 1.32
Age 44.01 17.85 45.90 18.39 46.40 16.99
Urban Residence 2.84 1.54 3.00 1.44 3.07 1.53
Southern Residence .33 .47 .34 .47 .37 .48
Married Respondents .72 .45 .67 .47 .59 .49
Highest Year of 11.93 3.18 12.58 2.96 13.28 2.92
Education Completed
Children Under Age .45 .49 .36 .48 .33 .47
of 18 Living at Home
African American .10 .30 .12 .32 .14 .35
Respondents
Female Respondents .57 .49 .55 .50 .54 .50
Operationalizing the Critical Theory of Religion • 353