GOLDSTEIN_f1_i-x

Operationalizing the Critical Theory of Religion • 357

Table 5

Multiple Regression: The Effects of Psychological Trauma, Poverty,

and Control Variables on Religiosity for the 1978, 1988, and 1998 Survey Years

1978

1988

1998

Model I

Model II

Model I

Model II

Model I

Model II

Psychological Trauma

–.335

(.147)*

–.260

(.143)@

–.348

(.179)@

–.421

(.171)*

–.070

(.018)*

–.039

(.017)*

Life in Poverty

.601

(.370)@

–.047

(.398)

.107

(.562)

–.314

(.569)

–.765

(.463)@

–.960

(.470)@

Life in Urban Poverty

–.253

(.116)*

–.090

(.122)

–.168

(.180)

.018

(.181)

.187

(.123)

.267

(.128)*

Age

.029

(.005)*

.019

(.006)*

.014

(.005)*

Urban Residence

–.143

(.051)*

–.261

(.064)*

–.156

(.054)*

Southern Residence

.378

(.149)*

.281

(.182)

.643

(.154)*

Married Respondents

.454

(.173)*

.998

(.205)*

1.028

(.173)*

Educational Attainment

.073

(.024)*

.091

(.031)*

.091

(.027)*

Children Living at Home

.587

(.158)*

.369

(.198)@

.315

(.177)@

African Americans

1.113

(.247)*

.994

(.273)*

1.397

(.224)*

Female Respondents

.784

(.140)*

.862

(.169)*

.568

(.148)*

Constant

4.020

.996

4.109

1.398

4.456

1.237

R-Square

.008*

.089*

.007@

.131*

.015*

.130*

N

1455

1455

903

903

1288

1288

Cell entries are given as unstandardized regression coefficients with standard errors in parentheses.@ = p < .10* = p < .05 or beyond