Designated ELD
As indicated in the discussion about integrated ELD, most ELs’ English language development
occurs throughout the day and across content areas as they learn to use English, learn content
through English, and learn—to varying degrees, depending on discipline and topic—about how English
works to make meaning. However, research and practical experience suggest that setting aside a
time during the day to focus strategically on language is beneficial (August and Shanahan 2006; CDE
2010a; Christie 2005; Genesee, and others, 2006; Saunders, Foorman, and Carlson 2006).
Designated ELD is a protected time during the regular
school day when teachers use the CA ELD Standards as the
focal standards in ways that build into and from content
instruction in order to develop critical English language
skills, knowledge, and abilities needed for content learning
in English. Designated ELD is not separate and isolated
from ELA, science, social studies, mathematics, and other
disciplines but rather is an opportunity during the regular
school day to support ELs in developing the discourse
practices, grammatical structures, and vocabulary necessary
for successful participation in academic tasks in all content
areas. During this protected time, ELs are actively engaged
in collaborative discussions in which they build their
awareness of language and develop their skills and abilities
to use language. Accordingly, during designated ELD, there is a strong emphasis on oral language
development. Naturally, designated ELD instruction also addresses reading and writing tasks as
students learn to use English in new ways and develop their awareness of how English works in both
spoken and written language.
For students enrolled in an alternative bilingual program (e.g., dual language, two-way immersion,
developmental bilingual), it may be appropriate to focus on developing foundational literacy skills
during designated ELD time to ensure students have the requisite skills to read complex texts
in English when they enter the upper elementary grades. Depending on their development of
foundational skills in the primary language and the design of the instructional program at particular
schools, some newcomer ELs may also need explicit instruction in foundational skills during designated
ELD. In general, however, foundational skills are addressed during ELA and not during designated ELD.
Content plays a key role in designated ELD since it is not possible to develop advanced levels of
English using texts and tasks devoid of academic content language. However, designated ELD is not
a time to teach (or reteach) content; rather, it is a time
to focus on academic language derived from content
areas in ways that are closely aligned with content
instruction. For example, during designated ELD time, ELs
at the Expanding or Bridging level of English language
proficiency more closely examine the language used in a
text they have already read in one of their content areas.
In other words, they learn about, analyze, and discuss the
language in the text to better understand how it conveys
particular meanings. They learn the meanings of some of
the general academic vocabulary and use the vocabulary
in different ways in speaking and writing over the course
of the week. They discuss the structure of the text type and identify its text connectives (e.g., at the
Designated ELD is a protected
time during the regular school
day when teachers use the CA
ELD Standards as the focal
standards in ways that build into
and from content instruction in
order to develop critical English
language skills, knowledge,
and abilities needed for content
learning in English.Content plays a key role in
designated ELD since it is not
possible to develop advanced
levels of English using texts and
tasks devoid of academic content
language. However, designated
ELD is not a time to teach (or
reteach) content...Essential Considerations Chapter 2 | 115