Figure 3.9 provides the 43 commonly identified English phonemes. Other languages have more or
fewer phonemes.
Figure 3.9. English PhonemesSymbol As heard in... Symbol As heard in.../ā/ angel, rain /g/ gift, dog/ǎ/ cat, apple /h/ happy, hat/ē/ eat, seed /j/ jump, bridge/ĕ/ echo, red /l/ lip, fall/ī/ island, light /m/ mother, home/ǐ/ in, sit /n/ nose, on/ō/ oatmeal, bone /p/ pencil, pop/ǒ/ octopus, mom /r/ rain, care/ǔ/ up, hum /s/ soup, face/oo/ oodles, moon /t/ time, cat/oo/ put, book /v/ vine, of/ә/ above, sofa /wh/ what, why/oi/, /oy/ oil, boy /w/ wet, wind/ou/, /ow/ out, cow /y/ yes, beyond/aw/, /ô/ awful, caught /z/ zoo, becauseär car, far /th/ thing, healthôr four, or /th/ this, brotherûr her, bird, turn /sh/ shout, machine/b/ baby, crib /zh/ pleasure, vision/k/ cup, stick /ch/ children, scratch/d/ dog, end /ng/ ring, finger/f/ phone, golfSource
Yopp, Hallie K., and Ruth H. Yopp. 2011. Purposeful Play for Early Childhood Phonological
Awareness, 13. Huntington Beach, CA: Shell Education. Reprinted with permission.154 | Chapter 3 Transitional Kindergarten to Grade 1