English Language Development

and analysis of written and spoken texts), and C. Productive (creation of oral^1 presentations and
written texts). Focusing first on meaning and interaction in Part I, the CA ELD Standards then focus on
knowledge about the English language and how it works in Part II.

Figure 2.4. Relationships and Convergences Among the Practices in Science, Mathematics
and English Language Arts

Source

Cheuk, T. 2013. Relationships and Convergences Among the Mathematics, Science, and ELA Practices. Refined version of

diagram created by the Understanding Language Initiative for ELP Standards. Stanford, CA: Stanford University.

Both sets of standards promote students’ powerful and strategic use of the language arts to

gain content knowledge and to express their understandings and applications of that knowledge.

Opportunities to integrate curricula through inquiry-based learning, interdisciplinary units, and real

world applications, such as service learning, are illustrated throughout the framework. Integrating

curricula allows students to make connections across many disciplines and areas of interest and

can be powerfully motivating. Using reading, writing, speaking, listening, and language (including

language awareness) to interact with content knowledge and one another, students are able to

consolidate and expand their learning in ways that mutually reinforce the language arts and various

disciplines. In every case, however, integrated curricula should be purposeful and well-planned so that

1 For deaf and hard of hearing students who use ASL as their primary language, the term oral refers to the use of sign
language.

62 | Chapter 2 Essential Considerations