Muhammad: Break with the Jewsone another, the vv. 110f speak of sin and forgiveness, and the vv. 113f say
that Allah protected Muhammad from being led astray by others and then
tells of rewards and punishments. The vv. 116f are generally against
polytheism, in which v. 116 states that God does not forgive the sin of
polytheism, but He does forgive everything else. The vv. 121f^266 claim that
those who believe and practice good (deeds) will go to Paradise, and v. 124
describes Abraham as having been God's friend (cf. II Chr. 20:7; Ja. 2:23).
The vv. 126f deal with regulations for women, where the vv. 127f are about
reconciliation and v. 129 concerns the subject of divorce. The vv. 130f
describes Allah, v. 134 speaks of believers, and v. 135 implies that these
believe in God, the angels, the Books, His messengers, and the
Resurrection. The vv. 136f speak about the hypocrites, and the vv. 138f
warn about not making friends with unbelievers. The vv. 149f seem to
describe the partial rejection of some of the messengers on the part of the
Jews, and those who believe Allah and Muhammad are said not to
discriminate between God or His messengers. In the vv. 152f the People of
the Book are depicted as having asked Muhammad to send them a Book
from Heaven, and Muhammad answers that they (the Israelites) rebelled
anyway when they asked Moses to show them God. The v. 153 gives a
variation on the Qur'anic parable about the Jewish dietary laws, in which
the commandment not to violate the Sabbath takes the place of the alleged
commandment to say "forgiveness" (cf. 7:161; 2:55). The accusation of
having murdered the prophets (v. 154) and the statement about having
uncircumcised hearts imply the Jews, and they also seem to be charged with
defaming Mary (v. 155). In v. 156 the Jews claim to have killed th^267 e
Messiah Jesus, but, similar to certain Gnostic doctrines, t^268269 his only
appeared to be so to the Jews, they actually killed and crucified someone
else. The v. 158 presents the Jewish dietary laws as having been a
punishment, and 159 declares that the Jews will be punishe^270 d for the sin
usury. In v. 160 some Jews are said to have believed that which^271 was sent
down to Muhammad and previous to him, and are said to perform the
prayer, give alms, believe in God and the Resurrection. The v. 161 alleges
that Muhammad was given revelation as other prophets, and then lists
Noah, "prophets after him," Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, the tribes,
Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, Solomon, and David, in which the last five of
these are out of chronological order, and may have been added later. The
v. 162 states that God spoke (directly) to Moses, and the vv. 165^272 f show
that unbelievers will be sent to Hell. The v. 168 gives a command to believe
that Muhammad was a messenger from God. The v. 169 declares that Jesus
was a messenger, Word and Spirit of God, and this verse goes on t^273 o deny