Muhammad, the Qur'an and Islam[248] See e.g. Wellhausen, Medina, pp. 145 f.
[249] Sahih Bukhari, vol. 4, p. 523; Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, p. 1459.
[250] This passage is thought to refer to the battle of Uhud; Nöldeke and
Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 194.
[251] Appendix D, p. 389.
[252] Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 194.
[253] See Appendix F, p. 415.
[254] This idea may have been influenced by Jewish practice; Rudolph,
Koran, p. 96, n. 4, cites Yevamot 44a; Ketubbot 90a-96b; Keritot 15a.
[255] For v. 27 cf. Lev. 18:6-18.
[256] See p. 200, above; cf. Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 198.
[257] Geiger, WMJA, p. 86, references Berakot 31,2 and Berakot 46
respectively. Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 199, n. 5 cite Berakot
15a, (for the use of sand in ablutions) and think that the Qur'anic regulation
may have also come from a Christian source which followed the Talmudic
practice. For a discussion of the problems in trying to date this verse, see
GQ, vol. 1,
pp. 199 f.
[258] Sahih Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 88, 103; vol. 7, p. 69; etc.
[259] The Banu Nadir are thought to have been meant here; Nöldeke and
Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, pp. 200 f.
[260] SEI, p. 639; p. 195, above.
[261] Geiger, WMJA, p. 17; p. 195, above.
[262] Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 200.
[263] See n. 36, above; Sahih Bukhari, vol. 8, pp. 32 f, 181.