Muhammad, the Qur\'an & Islam

Muhammad: Victory and Death

Mount Sinai with respect to a hypothetical "sending down" of the Qur'an.
The vv. 22f are in praise of God. The vv. 23f are similar to the Jewish
Tefillah.^15

During the 43th month after the Hijra, Muhammad is said to have married
Zaynab b. Khuzayma, who had been divorced.^16

In the 44th month after the Hijra, Muhammad is reported to have married
Umm Salama, whose husband had died on the return journey from Qatan.^17

During the 45th month after the Hijra, Muhammad and 1500 Muslims
reportedly went to Badr in order to accept the challenge of Abu Sufyan.^18
The polytheists are said to have left Mecca with 2000 men, only to return
later (supposedly because it was a year of drought) without engaging the
Muslims. The only reported spoils from this action were the profits from
the sale of the goods the Muslims had taken with them to the market at
Badr.^19

Allegedly during the 46th month after the Hijra, Muhammad ha^20 d the Jew
Abu Rafi`murdered in his home at Khaybar. It is said that he had been
planning to attack the Muslims.^21

In the 47th month after the Hijra, Muhammad is said to have heard that the
Anmar and Tha`laba were planning to attack him, so he and 400 Muslims^22
went to Dhat al-Riqa to engage them. When the Muslims arrived, they only
found some women, whom they captured. The main forces are said to have
been up on the mountains not far away, and in that Muhammad was afraid
they might attack them, he prayed the prayer of fear (Qur'an 4:102f). On the
return journey, one Muslim was wounded, and a murder attempt on
Muhammad is reported to have taken place.^23

During the 49th month after the Hijra, Muhammad and 1000 Muslims are
reported to have set out for Dumat al-Jandal, where some were said to have
been preparing to attack them. Just outside of the town, the M^24 uslims
found camels and sheep, which they seized after fighting the shepherds.
Upon hearing about this, the townspeople fled, and there was no further
fighting. One man was taken prisoner, and he became a Muslim.
Muhammad later made a treaty with `Uyayna b. Hisn concerning grazing
rights.^25