Muhammad, the Qur'an and Islam
[183] See p. 3, n. 33, above, for more on this pagan Arab ritual.
[184] Ibn Hisham in Guillaume, Muhammad, pp. 569 f.
[185] Wellhausen, Medina, p. 359.
[186] Ibid., p. 361.
[187] See p. 268, below.
[188] Cf. Qur'an 9:60; Buhl, Muhammeds, p. 314; and Andrae,
Mohammed, p. 78, who describes this as being "a type of bribery."
[189] Sahih Bukhari, vol. 5, pp. 432 f.
[190] They are said to have been given the choice of receiving their
possessions, or families again. They chose the latter.
[191] Guillaume, Muhammad, pp. 566 f; Ibn Sa`d, Classes, vol. 2, 1,
pp. 185 f; Tabari, History, vol. 9, pp. 1 f; Wellhausen, Medina, pp. 354 f.
[192] See EI², s.v. "Dhu'l-Khaffayn."
[193] Ibn Sa`d, Classes, vol. 2, 1, pp. 194 f; Wellhausen, Medina, p. 368.
[194] Ibn Hisham - 17 or 20 days; Waqidi - 15, 18 or 19 days; Ibn Sa`d -
18 days; Tabari - 20 days.
[195] The Banu Thaqif then asked Muhammad why he was destroying the
vineyards, since the vineyards would belong to him anyway if the Muslims
were to win.
[196] It is quite likely that the Muslims wanted to learn of any other ways
to enter the fortress; see Khaybar, p. 260, above.