Muhammad, the Qur'an and Islam
Jambres (Ibid, p. 482.). It may well have been that through the influence of
such parallels Muhammad confused the time periods and then transferred
Jewish teachings about the Samaritans to a single person.
20:115f Iblis refuses to bow before Adam. 20:115f Iblis refuses to bow before Adam. 20:115f Iblis refuses to bow before Adam. 20:115f Iblis refuses to bow before Adam.Although this story is well known from Jewish tradition (cf. Ginzberg,
Legends, vol. 1, pp. 62 f), it is generally thought that this story came to
Muhammad from Christian sources. The reasons for this are that the word
for Satan used here "Iblis" appears to be from the Greek *4•$@8@H and that
the angels are commanded to bow down to Adam. Horovitz,
Untersuchungen, p. 87, gives Iblis as having come into Arabic through
Aramaic influence, since the "di" would have been deleted as in the case of
other Aramaic borrowings from Greek. Geiger, (WMJA, p. 202, n. to p. 98)
shows that Zunz thought even the bowing before Adam was Jewish, but the
source he gives for this is from the 11th century. Grünbaum, Neue Beiträge,
pp. 57, 60 gives the Syrian parallels and states that Muhammad's source
must have been Christian rather than Jewish. Cf. Geiger, WMJA, pp. 98 f.;
Speyer, Erzählungen, pp. 54 f.; Guillaume, in Legacy, p. 139; Rosenblatt,
"Hadith," MW, vol. 35, p. 240.
20:115f Satan deceives Adam and his wife. 20:115f Satan deceives Adam and his wife. 20:115f Satan deceives Adam and his wife. 20:115f Satan deceives Adam and his wife.It is generally thought that this passage also came to Muhammad through
Christian influence, even though much of the material used in this passage
is common to both Judaism and Christianity. Cf. Speyer, Erzählungen,
pp. 66 f; Grünbaum, Neue Beiträge, pp. 57 f.
26:123f Hud was an Arabian prophet who 26:123f Hud was an Arabian prophet who 26:123f Hud was an Arabian prophet who 26:123f Hud was an Arabian prophet who
was a brother of the `Ad. was a brother of the `Ad. was a brother of the `Ad. was a brother of the `Ad.Ad is mentioned in the pre-Islamic Arabic works of the poets al-Afwa al- Audi (c. 570 AD.) andAdi b. Zayd (587 AD.); see Margoliouth, Relations,
p. 73. Although the origins of the person of Hud are cloaked in uncertainty,
the name does appear in pre-Islamic Arabic; see Horovitz, Untersuchungen,