Muhammad: His Call[84] Rudolph, Koran, p. 569, n. 6, agrees with Blachère.
[85] See Appendix D, pp. 363 f, for the references.
[86] Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, pp. 97f, argue that the verse
length, style and rhyme does not match those in the rest of the sura.
[87] The Qur'anic name for Pharaoh is not Arabic and probably comes
from Syriac; it does not seem to predate Muhammad (Jeffery, Vocabulary,
p. 225. For "Thamud," see n. 71, above.
[88] See the reference in n. 86, above.
[89] The object(s) of belief are not given, or explained as in later passages,
and it appears that Muhammad simply used the term he had heard from
Christian sources; see n. 64, above.
[90] Ahrens, "Christliches," ZDMG, 84 (1930), pp. 63 f; cf. Andrae, Ur-
sprung, pp. 180 f.
[91] Although most English translations of the Qur'an give "chant" or
"recite," Bell, following Lane's definition (cf. 73:4) as "arrange a sentence
well so that it is clear," thought that v. 4 was actually referring to the
"composition of the Qur'an" and so contended that this verse must be from
his "Qur'an period." (Commentary, vol. 2, p. 444; Origin, vol. 2, p. 613).
[92] Andrae, Ursprung, pp. 191 f; Mohammed, pp. 88 f. In the latter of
these works Andrae shows that Pachomius and Macarius commanded their
monks to keep a vigil for half of the night, cf. Qur'an 73:3.
[93] Cf. Rev. 6:12a; 16:18.
[94] Cf. Rev. 6:14a.
[95] Muhammad often saw himself in the roles of the Biblical prophets,
and at times appears to have changed their biographies to fit his own
circumstances; cf. Horovitz, Untersuchungen, pp. 9, 18 f.