Chapter 2
Introduction and Context
FORCES FOR INNOVATION............................................................................
46
CONGRESSIONAL CONCERNS........................................................................
47
NATURE OF THE TECHNOLOGY.....................................................................^48
DEALING WITH UNCERTAINTY......................................................................
49
STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT........................................................................
50
Box2-1:
Box2-2:
Box2-3:
Box2-4:
Counterpoint Forces Against Rapid Technological Change............................^52
Energy Security, Economic Concerns, and Light-Duty Vehicle Fuel Use............ 53
Greenhouse Emissions and Light-Duty Vehicles...........................................^55
Air Quality Considerations......................................................................
Chapter
Technologies for Advanced Vehicles Performance and Cost Expectations
WEIGHT REDUCTION WITH ADVANCED MATERIALS AND BETTER DESIGN...... 60
Vehicle Design Constraints.......................................................................^61
Materials Selection Criteria.......................................................................^62
Manufacturability and Cost...............................................................^62
Manufacturing costs................................................................^63
Life Cycle Costs....................................................................^63
Manufacturability...................................................................^64
Performance..................................................................................^65
Weight.........................................................................................^66
Safety..........................................................................................^67
Recyclability.................................................................................^68
Future Scenarios of Materials Use in Light Duty Vehicles.................................^69
2005--Advanced Conventional............................................................^70
2005-Optimistic.............................................................................^70
2015-Advanced Conventional.............................................................^71
2015--Optimistic............................................................................^72
Conclusions..........................................................................................^73
AERODYNAMIC REDUCTION................................................................
74
Drag Reduction Potential..........................................................................
75
Effect of Advanced Aerodynamics on Vehicle Prices..................................... ..
ROLLING RESISTANCE REDUCTION...............................................................
77
Background.
77
Potential for Rolling Resistance Improvement................................................
78
Price Effects of Reduced Rolling Resistance..................................................
79
Spark Ignition and Diesel Engines.
80
Overview.............................................................................................^80
Increasing Thermodynamic Efficiency..........................................................
81
Spark timing.........................................................................^81
Faster Combustion...................................................................^81
Increased compression ratios.....................................................^81
Reducing Mechanical Friction....................................................................
82
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