Advanced Automotive Technology: Visions of a Super-Efficient Family Car

Greater number of gears... ... ... ..................0""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""^126

Electronic transmission control (ETC). ........................””””””””””””””””^128

Prices.................................................................................................

129

Box3-1: Box Fuel Cell Use in Urban Buses..........................................................
130

Box3-2: Arguments in Favor of an Inexpensive PEM Fuel Cell.................................^131

Table 3-1:

Table 3-2:

Table 3-3:

Table 3-4:

Table 3-5:

Table 3-6:

Table 3-7:

Table 3-8:

Table 3-9:

Table 3-10:

Table 3-11:

Table 3-12:

Table 3-13:

Figure 3-1:

Figure 3-2:

Figure 3-3:

Figure3-4:

Figure 3-5:

Lightweight Materials: Relative Component Costs and Weight Savings.”””- ..... 133

Mechanical properties of Some Alternative Automotive

Structural Materials.................................................................^134

Weight Distribution in tie Ford Taurus (circa 1990)..................................^135

Manufacturer’s Projection of Potential Improvements in Light-Truck CD........ 136

Summary of Long-Term Fuel Efficiency Benefits

from Advanced Technology.......................................................^137

Estimated RPEs for DISC Engines........................................................^138

Retail Price Effects for Friction Reduction Components

in Four-Valve Engines.............................................................^139

Performance of New Diesel Engines ....

Relative to Gasoline Engines.....................................................^140

Fuel Economy Comparison at Equal Performance: Gasoline vs. Diesel...........

U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium Battery Development Goals............”””” ..

Battery Technology... ... ... ... ... .*. ... ..*. *""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""^143

Current State-of-the-Art for Batteries... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... .*$""""""""""""""""""""""""^144

Subjective Rating of Different Motors for EV Use...................................^145

Examples of Highly Aerodynamic Cars. ..............................""""""""""""""""""^146

Design Features of Toyota AXV-V... .. .........................""""""""""""""""""""""""^147

Development of Diesel Market Share in Germany....................................^148

Lithium Battery Technology: Lithium-polymer Electrolyte Battery .......... = 149

Efficiency of Induction Motor and Controller..........................................^150

Chapter 4

Advanced Vehicles -Technical Potential and Costs

OTA’s Methodology..............................................................................^152

Types of Vehicles Examined.....................................................................

153

Vehicle Attributes..................................................................................

154

Technologies Introduced Individually or in Combination............................................

156

Uncertainty in Technology Forecasting..................................................................

156

ENERGY USE AND REDUCTION IN LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES............................

157

BASELINE....................................................................................................

159

Advanced Conventional Technology=.

161

Electric Vehicles.

164

Emission Effects...................................................................................

171

HYBRID VEHICLES.......................................................................................

174

Series and Parallel Hybrids.

176

Emissions....................................................................................^182

Other Studies................................................................................^183

Parallel Hybrids....................................................................................

185

xiv