Advanced Automotive Technology: Visions of a Super-Efficient Family Car

Prices.................................................................................................^187

Fuel Cell Vehicles.

CONCLUSIONS ABOUT PERFORMANCE AND PURCHASE PRICE....................... 190
LIFECYCLE COSTS.......................................................................................^191
Battery Replacement Costs.......................................................................^192
Differences in Maintenance Costs and Longevity Between EV and ICE Drivetrains 193
Trade-In Value......................................................................................^194
Energy Costs........................................................................................^195
Conclusions.........................................................................................^195
SAFETY OF LIGHTWEIGHT VEHICLES...........................................................^196
The Role of Weight in Accident prevention and Crashworthiness................. ...... 197
What Accident Statistics Tell Us................................................................ 199
Design Solutions...................................................................................^200
Additional Issuesl..................................................................................^201

Box4-1: Four Weight Reduction Scenarios for a Mid-Size Car...................................^203
Box4-2: Calculating the Fuel Economy Effects of Converting a Taurus to a

Table 4-1:

Table 4-2:
Table 4-3:
Table 4-4:
Table 4-5:
Table 4-6:
Table 4-7:
Table 4-8:
Table 4-9:
Table 4-10:
Table 4-11:

Table 4-12:
Table 4-13:

Table 4-14:
Table 4-15:
Table 4-16:
Table 4-17:

Figure 4-1:
Figure 4-2:
Figure 4-3:

Series Hybrid With Flexible Engine Operation................................^204

Forecast of Advanced Technology Penetration in the Base Case

(Percentage of new vehicle fleet).................................................^205

Forecast of Vehicle Characteristics: Baseline Scenario...............................^206

2015 Best-in-Class Mid-size Car Baseline Scenario.................................... 207

Hypothetical Mid-size Car with Advanced Technology...............................^208

Conventional Vehicle Potential Best-in-Class.............................................^209

Specifications of Some Advanced Electric Vehicles....................................^210

2005 Electric Vehicle Characteristics.....................................................^211

Computation of Incremental Costs and RPE for 2005 Mid-Size EM................ 212

2015 Electric Vehicle Characteristics.....................................................^213

Sensitivity of Mid-size 2005 EV Attributes to Input Assumptions ................

Energy Use for a Current (1995) Mid-size Car Converted to a

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (kWh)...................................................^215

Series Hybrid Vehicle Efficiency.........................................................^216

Comparison Between OTA and SIMPLEV Model Calculations

of Hybrid Fuel Economy..........................................................^217

Potential Parallel Hybrid Configurations for 1995 Mid-size Vehicle.............. 218

Incremental Prices for Series Hybrids...................................................^219

Characteristics of a PEM Fuel Cell Intermediate-Size Vehicle in 2015..........

Fuel Consumption and Annual Fuel Costs of Advanced Mid-size Vehicles..... 221

Losses Within the Overall Energy Chain...............................................^222

Battery Weight vs. EV Range.............................................................^223

Hybrid Concepts.............................................................................^224

Chapter 5

Advanced Automotive R&D Programs: An International Comparison

AUTOMOTIVE R&D......................................................................................^226

Collaborative R&D................................................................................^227

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