TABLE 3-11: Battery TechnologyTechnology Sponsor
a
Developera Status (mid-1994)
Bipolar lead acid CARB Arias Prototype module
SCAQMD Pinnacle
EPRI Batelle
Woven grid lead/acid EPRI BDM Pre-production
Electro-Source
Common vessel lead/acid or
nickel-cadmium None Acme Electric Laboratory
Nickel-cadmium (prismatic) None SAFT Pre-production
Eagle Pitcher
ACME
Zinc-bromine Exxon Powercell Full-size prototype
DOE SEA
Lithium polymer USABC ADL Laboratory
DOD SAFT
Grace
Nickel metal hydride USABC SAFT Full-size prototype
Ovonic
Maxwell
Sodium-sulphur USABC Silent Power Full-size prototype
DOD ABB
Hughes
Nickel-iron EPRI Eagle Pitcher Pre-production
Zinc-air DOE Westinghouse “ Full-size prototype
ILZRO Lawrence Livermore
Arizona Public DEMI
So. Cal. Edison SRI
Aluminum-air ALCAN Alu Power Full-size prototype
Eltech
Lithium/metal sulfide DOE Westinghouse Laboratory
USABC SAFT
Argonne
Lithium ion DOE Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
DOD Sony
Sodium/nickel chloride German AEG Full-size prototype
Govt Diamler-Benz
Ultracapacitor DOE Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
(not a battery) SRI
Maxwell Auburn Pinnaclea Not a comprehensive listing.
KEY: ABB = Asea-Brown Boveri, Inc.
ADL = Arthur D. Little
AEG = AEG Corp.
ALCAN = Aluminum Corporation
BDM = BDM Technologies, Inc.
CARB = California Air Resources Board
ILZRO = International Lead-Zinc Research Organization
SCAQMD = South Coast Air Quality Management District
SRI = SRI International
USABC = United States Advanced Battery Consortium
SOURCE: National Institute of Standards and Technology, “Advanced Components for Electric and Hybrid
Vehicles," Special Publication 860, 1993.