Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

Step 1

(H 3 C) 3 C Cl slow (CH 3 ) 3 C+ + Cl −

Step 2

(CH 3 ) 3 C+ + HOCH

O

OCH

O+

fas H OC+ H

O

t H

C(CH 3 ) 3 C(CH 3 ) 3

Step 3

OCH

O

OC+ H H

O

H HC O

C(CH 3 ) 3 O

+ Cl

C(CH 3 ) 3

Cl − fast C(CH 3 ) (^3)

6.14 FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATES OF SN 1 AND SN 2

REACTIONS

1. Factors Influencing the rates of SN1 and SN2 reactions:
   
   
   1. The structure of the substrate.
   
   
   2. The concentration and reactivity of the nucleophile (for bimolecular
      reactions).
   
   
   3. The effect of the solvent.
   
   
   4. The nature of the leaving group.
   
   
   
   

6.14A THE EFFECT OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE SUBSTRATE

1. SN2 Reactions:
   
   
   1. Simple alkyl halides show the following general order of reactivity in SN 2
      reactions:
      methyl > 1 ° > 2 ° >> 3° (unreactive)
   
   
   
   

Table 6.4 Relative Rates of Reactions of Alkyl Halides in SN2 Reactions