Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

1) Compounds in which a hydroxyl group is attached to an unsaturated carbon

atom of a double bond (i.e., C=C–OH) are called enols.

CH 3 OH CH 3 CH 2 OH

CH 3 CHCH 3

OH

CH 3 CCH 3

OH

CH 3

Methanol Ethanol 2-Propanol 2-Methyl-2propanol
(methyl alcohol) (ethyl alcohol) (isopropyl alcohol) (tert-butyl alcohol)
a 1° alcohol a 2°^ alcohol a 3° alcohol

CH 2 OH
CH 2 =CHCH 2 OH H–C≡CCH 2 OH
Benzyl alcohol 2-Propenol 2-Propynol
a benzylic alcohol (allyl alcohol) (propargyl alcohol)
an allylic alcohol

2) Compounds that have a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring are

called phenols.

OH
H 3 C OH
Ar–OH
Phenol p-Methylphenol (p-Cresol) General formula

2. Ethers are compounds whose molecules have an oxygen atom bonded to two
   carbon atom.

1. The hydrocarbon groups may be alkyl, alkenyl, vinyl, alkynyl, or aryl.

CH 3 CH 2 –O–CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 =CHCH 2 –O–CH 3
Diethyl ether Allyl methyl ether

CH 2 =CH–O–CH=CH 2

OCH 3

Divinyl ether Methyl phenyl ether (Anisole)