Glossary
- Acetyl - A functional group with chemical formula -COCH3.
- Achiral - A group containing atleast two identical substituents.
- Acid anhydride - Hydrocarbon containing two carbonyl groups.Acyl group attached with
carboxylate group.eg- RCOOCOR’ - Acid halide - Acyl group with any halogen attached with carbon of carbonyl group.eg.-
RCO-X(X=F,Cl,Br,I). - Acidity constant Ka-
- Activating group - Any group which activate any molecule by increasing positive or
negative charge on carbon atom.Mainly towards neucleophilic or electrophilic substitution
reactions. - Activation energy - The energy required to reactants to cross energy barrier to undergo
any chemical change.denoted by Ea. - Acyl group - A group having alkyl or aryl group with a carbonyl group RCO-
- Adam’s catalyst - A catalyst for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in organic synthesis.
Also known as platinum dioxide - Addition reaction^1 - A reaction where a product is created from the coming together of
2 reactants. - Alcohol - A saturated hydrocarbon chain with an -OH functional group.
- Aldehyde - A hydrocarbon containing atleast one carbonyl gp having one hydrogen at-
tached to it.(>C=O) - Aldol reaction - When two similar aldehydes are reacted with each other,a product having
bothaldehyde(>C=O)andalcohol()groupisformed.Thisreactioniscalledaldolreaction. - Aliphatic - A non-cyclic, non-aromatic, hydrocarbon chain (e.g. alkanes, alkenes, and
alkynes) - Alkane - A hydrocarbon with all the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds.
- Alkene - A hydrocarbon with at least one carbon-carbon bond is a double-bond.
- Alkoxide ion - The conjugate base of an alcohol without the terminal H atom. For any
alcohol R-OH, the corresponding alkoxide form is R-O-. - Alkyl - A hydrocarbon having formula CnH2n+1
- Alkylation - Addition of alkyl group in a compound.
- Alkyne - An unsaturated hydrocarbon containog triple bond.and having general formula
CnH2n-2 - Allyl - An alkene hydrocarbon group with the formula H2C=CH-CH2-
- α Position - Carbon attached to a functional group is called α-carbon and the position is
known as α position.
1 Chapter108.2on page 357