Examples10.6 Examples
Figure 16 Scheme 2. Examples of resonance ozone, benzene and the allyl cation
The ozone^28 molecule is represented by two resonance structures in the top ofscheme 2.
In reality the two terminal oxygen atoms are equivalent and the hybrid structure is drawn
on the right with a charge of -1/2 on both oxygen atoms and partial double bonds. The
concept of benzene as a hybrid of two conventional structures (middlescheme 2) was a
major breakthrough in chemistry made by Kekule^29 , and the two forms of the ring which
together represent the total resonance of the system are calledKekule structures. In the
hybrid structure on the right the circle replaces three double bonds. The allyl^30 cation^31
(bottomscheme 2) has two resonance forms and in the hybrid structure the positive charge
is delocalized over the terminal methylene groups.
10.7 See also
- Delocalization^32
10.8 References.
1.UNKNOWN TEMPLATE Note
Kerber28 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ozone
29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekule
30 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/allyl
31 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cation
32 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delocalization