¿ lioque: Latin term meaning “and of the Son,” from a clause in the Western
version of the Nicene Creed saying that the Holy Spirit “proceeds from the
Father and the Son.” This doctrine of “double procession” is rejected by the
Eastern Orthodox and became the cause of the schism between the Eastern
and Western churches in 1054, resulting in the formal separation of Eastern
Orthodox from Roman Catholic.
forensic justi¿ cation: The predominant form of the doctrine of
justi¿ cation in Protestantism, according to which believers, being united
to Christ by faith, are declared righteous by God in view of the merits of
Christ that are imputed to them. (See imputation, four point Calvinism,
and Amyraldianism.)
Fundamentalism: A 20th century religious movement which originated in the
Fundamentalist modernist controversy in the United States beginning about
1920, although rooted in Anglo American evangelicalism of the 19th century
and characterized by a high view of scriptural infallibility and the concern
that liberal Protestantism was abandoning the fundamentals of the faith.
Also typically (though not always) involving Keswick or Holiness piety and
Dispensationalist theology.
glossolalia: Term used by non Pentecostals to describe “speaking in
tongues.” In fact it comes from a Greek phrase which means “speaking in
tongues,” a phenomenon of ecstatic worship attributed to the Holy Spirit in
which believers give utterance to what sounds like language but is not any
recognizable human tongue. (Contrast xenolalia.)
Gnosticism: A broad label for a wide variety of non-orthodox forms of
Christianity which proliferated in the early centuries A.D., which is discussed
at length in Lecture Six. The Gnostics’ central conviction is that there is a
special higher knowledge (Greek gnosis) which the human spirit needs in
order to escape this evil world and go to a heaven that is above the stars and
beyond the material world.