Gregory Naziansen (c. 330–c. 390): Sometimes known as Gregory of
Naziansen, one of the Cappadocian Fathers. Among the Eastern Orthodox
he is called “Saint Gregory the Theologian” because of the importance of his
Theological Orations in formulating the orthodox trinitarian theology that
prevailed after the Council of Constantinople 381.
Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335–c. 394): One of the Cappadocian fathers, brother
of Basil of Caesarea, and author of important works on the Trinity, including
a brief but inÀ uential treatise explaining why the orthodox do not say there
are three Gods.
Guyon, Madame Jeanne (1648–1717): Mystic, writer, and spiritual
director, a major inspiration for the “semi Quietist” theology of Fénelon and
inÀ uential for a time at the court of Louis XIV. Her writings were rejected by
the French church but admired by Wesley and later evangelicals.
Heidegger, Martin (1889–1976): German philosopher whose early work,
Being and Time (1927), which owed a great deal to Kierkegaard’s analysis
of human existence, was one of the most important sources of existentialism
and thus highly inÀ uential on 20th century theology.
Hooker, Richard (c. 1554–1600): Anglican theologian, author of the multi-
volume treatise The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, which defended the
Elizabethan settlement from Puritan criticisms.
Hopkins, Samuel (1721–1803): New England Puritan pastor and theologian;
student and rigorous advocate of Jonathan Edwards’s theology.
Irenaeus (c. 120–200): Bishop of Lyon, the most important Christian
theologian of the 2nd century; author of a large work, Against Heresies.
Jansen, Cornelius (1585–1638): Catholic bishop of Ypres in Belgium, and
author of the posthumously published Augustinus (1640), which argued for a
doctrine of grace that Jansen believed was truly Augustinian but which was
rejected by Rome as too close to Calvinism.