Stoddard, Solomon (1643–1729): Puritan minister in Northampton,
Massachusetts (and grandfather of Jonathan Edwards), who allowed
unregenerate church members under the Halfway Covenant to
take communion.
Teresa of Avila (1515–1582): Also known as Saint Teresa of Jesus; Spanish
nun and mystical theologian known for her descriptions of the various levels
of mystical experience, including the Prayer of Quiet and Spiritual Marriage.
Tertullian (c. 160–225): North African priest and theologian, the ¿ rst major
Latin Christian author. Despite the large number of his writings that have
survived, his inÀ uence was limited because at the end of his life he joined
the Montanist heresy.
Tillich, Paul (1886–1965): German Lutheran minister, neo Orthodox
theologian, and Existentialist philosopher, who had an inÀ uential teaching
career in the United States beginning in 1933.
Valentinus (c. 100–c. 175): Author of an inÀ uential and philosophically
sophisticated version of Gnosticism. He was active in Rome in the 140s, and
even hoped to become bishop of Rome.
Voltaire (1694–1778): Pen name of François Marie Arouet, a French
Enlightenment writer, satirist, and critic of Christianity.
Wayland, Francis (1796–1865): Baptist minister, president of Brown
University (1827–1855), and advocate of congregational autonomy and the
right of individual judgment in religion.
Wesley, John (1703–1791): Anglican priest, revival preacher and organizer,
and together with his brother Charles, a founding ¿ gure of Methodism,
whose theology combines Arminianism and Pietism and is known for a
strong emphasis on sancti¿ cation, including the expectation that believers
will seek and sometimes attain Christian perfection.