Arabic: An Essential Grammar

bi-mawa ̄d

̇

ı

• 
  a



adı

• datin min-ha ̄: raf



u

ug ̆u ̄ri l-



umma ̄li wa-l-muwad

̄ ̇

d

̄ ̇

afı

• na

wa-tah

̆

fı

• d
  ̇

u sa ̄



a ̄ti l-



amali.

The company managers (the managers of the companies) had

1

a

meeting with

3

the trade union

2

representatives

4

and discussed

6

many

5

issues, among them

7

raising the

8

wages of workers and employees

9

and

reducing their working

10

hours.

1

ْتَم َّدَق

2

ْنِم ٌةَعوُمْجَم

3

ِءاَيْميِكْل ( ٌمِلاَع ).s ِءاـَمـَلـُع

4

ِنَع اًريِرْقَت

5

ْمِهِفاَشِتْك

6

ًةَديِدَج ( ٌءاَوَد ).s ًةَيِوْدَأ

7

(^) َّدِض
8
( ٌضَرَم ).s ِضاَرْمَأ
9

. ِدْلِجـْل

(8) qaddamat mag ̆mu ̄



atun min



ulama ̄

i l-kı

• mya ̄

i taqrı

• ran



ani-ktisˇa ̄fi-him




adwiyatan g ̆adı

• datan d
  ̇

idda

amra ̄d

̇

i l-g ̆ildi.

2

A group of chemical

3

scientists

1

presented

4

a report on

5

its (their)

discovery of new

6

medicines

7

against

9

skin

8

diseases.

1

ِ بَبَسِب

2

ِةَرْثـَك

3

ه يـِف ( ٌرَطَم ).s ِراـَطـْمْ َلأ

ا

ِهِذـ

4

( ٌرْهَش ).s ِرُهْشْ َلأ

5

ِتَضاَف / ِتَفاَط

6

( ٌرْهَن ).s ُرُهْنْ َلأ

7

اَهَعَم ْتَفَرَجَو

8

( ٌلِزْنَم ).s َلِزاَنَم

9

ًةَديِدَع

01

َنِم ًةَبيِرَق

11

(.ٌةَّفَض ).s ِفاَف َ ّضل

(9) bi-sababi kat

̄

rati l-

amt

̇

a ̄ri fı

• ha ̄d
  ̄

i-hi l-

asˇhuri t

̇

a ̄fati / fa ̄d

̇

ati l-

anhuru

wa-g ̆arafat ma



a-ha ̄ mana ̄zila



adı

• datan qarı
  
  
  • batan mina d
    ̇
  
  
  
  

-d

̇

ifa ̄fi.

1

Because of the

2

heavy

3

rain (lit.

2

lot of

3

rain) during these

4

months,

6

the rivers have

5

flooded

7

and swept away

9

many

8

houses

10

near

11

the

banks.

1

َيِسَن

2

ِبَتْكَمـْل ( ٌباَب ).s َباَوْبَأ ُسِراَحـْل

3

( ٌكا َّبُش ).s ُهَكيِباَبَشَو

4

ًةَحوُتْفَم

5

َلَخَدَف

6

( ٌّ صِل ).s ٌصوُصُل

7

اوُقَرَسَو

8

( ٌءْيَش ).s َءاَيْشَأ

9

. ًةَنيِمَث

(10) nasiya l-h
̇

a ̄risu

abwa ̄ba l-maktabi wa-sˇaba ̄bı

• ka-hu maftu ̄h
  ̇

atan, fa-dah

̆

ala

lus

̇

u ̄s

̇

un wa-saraqu ̄

asˇya ̄

a t

̄

amı

• natan.
  2
  The guard
  1
  left (lit.
  1
  forgot) the doors
  3
  and windows of the office
  4
  open,

so

6

thieves

5

went in

7

and stole

9

valuable

8

things.

1

ْتَرَشَن

2

( ٌراَد ).s ُروُد

3

ِرـْشـ َّ نـل

4

( ٌلَمَع ).s َلاـَمـْعَأ

5

( ٌبِتاَك ).s ِبا َّ تُكْل

6

( ٌرِعاَش ).s ِءاَرـَعـ ُّ شلَو

7

اَهَضْعَب ْتَضَفَرَو

8

ْتـَناـَك اَه َّ نَأ َعـَم

9

. ًةَدـ َّ يـَج

(11) nasˇarat du ̄ru n-nasˇri

a



ma ̄la l-kutta ̄bi wa-sˇ-sˇu



ara ̄

i wa-rafad

̇

at ba



d

̇

a-ha ̄

ma



a

anna-ha ̄ ka ̄nat g ̆ayyidatan.

149

Broken

plurals and

collective

nouns