Arabic: An Essential Grammar

Note a: When the above adjectives occur as proper names then they are

treated as diptotes, following rule 3 (g) above, e.g. َغ ْض َبا ُن g ̇ad

̇

ba ̄nu (as

proper name).

Note b: The adjective below is not a diptote, because its feminine singular

does not end in .. َـى /...a ̄/ (pattern: َف ْعَلى fa



la ̄):

Note c: Adjectives of the pattern ُف ْع َلا ٌن fu



la ̄nun are all triptotes, e.g.

(b) Masculine adjectives of the pattern َأ ْف َع ُل

af



alu, e.g.

(c) Nouns and adjectives ending in ..ـ َـا ُء /...a ̄

u/ which is not part of

the verb root, e.g.

Note a: The triptote nouns ending in ..ـ َـا ٌء /...a ̄

un/ below do not belong

to the above group, because they are derived from verbs ending in a weak

radical (chapter 33), e.g.

َع ْط َشا ُن OR َع ْط َشا ٌن^



at

̇

sˇa ̄nu/

un, thirsty

َع ْط َشى^



at

̇

sˇa ̄ OR َع ْط َشا َن ٌة



at

̇

sˇa ̄natun

َغ ْض َبا ُن OR َغ ْض َبا ٌن g ̇ad

̇

ba ̄nu/

un, angry

َغ ْض َبى g ̇ad

̇

ba ̄ OR َغ ْض َبا َن ٌة g ̇ad

̇

ba ̄natun

Nom. Acc. Gen. Fem. sing.

َن ْد َما ٌن َن ْد َما ًنا َن ْد َما ٍن (َن ْد َما َن ٌة)

nadma ̄nun, regretful nadma ̄nan nadma ̄nin (nadma ̄natun)

ُع ْر َيا ٌن ُع ْر َيا ًنا ُع ْر َيا ٍن (ُع ْر َيا َن ٌة)



urya ̄nun, naked



urya ̄nan



urya ̄nin (



urya ̄natun)

ُف َلا ٌن ُف َلا ًنا ُف َلا ٍن (ُف َلا َن ٌة)

fula ̄nun, somebody fula ̄nan fula ̄nin (fula ̄natun)

َأ ْح َم ُر َأ ْص َغ ُر ا َخ ُرƒ َأ ْع َر ُج




ah

̇

maru

as

̇

g ̇aru

a ̄h

̆

aru

a



rag ̆u

red smaller other, another lame

َع ْذ َرا ُء (v. َع َذ َر ) َس ْو َدا ُء (v. َس َو َد ) ُر َؤ َسا ُء (v. َر َأ َس )



ad

̄

ra ̄

u (



ad

̄

ara) sawda ̄

u (sawada) ru

asa ̄

u (ra

asa)

virgin black (f.) presidents

155

Triptotes

and

diptotes