Arabic: An Essential Grammar

sets of forms for the jussive and two alternative sets of forms for

the imperative:

(c) َسـ َأ َل sa

ala is conjugated regularly in the passive like other verbs

with hamzah as the middle radical, e.g.

30.6 Verbs with hamzah as the final radical

(a) Hamzah as the final radical, َأْل ِف ْع ُل  ْلـ َم ْه ُمو ُز  ْلآ ِخـ ِر: These types

of verb are also conjugated like regular strong verbs, e.g.

(b) In the verb َد ِفى َء dafi

a ‘to be warm’, the infix ت /-t-/ of verb

form VIII (

ifta



ala ِإ ْف َت َع َل) is assimilated to the initial radical

د /d/, which is doubled, i.e. د َف َأَّ إ^

iddafa

a ‘to warm oneself’

instead of ِإ ْد َت َف َأ

idtafa

a.

Note: The derived verb forms (II–X) of all verbs with hamzah mentioned

above are conjugated in the active and passive more or less on the same

principles as the derived verb forms (II–X) of strong verbs.

Perfect Imperfect jussive Imperative

َسـ َأ َل َيـ ْسـ َأ ْل ORَيـ َسـ ْل ِإ ْسـ َأ ْل ORَسـ ْل

sa

ala yas

al yasal

is

al sal

Active Passive

Perfect Perfect Imperfect

َسـ َأ َل sa

ala ُسـ ِئـ َل su

ila ُيـ ْسـ َأ ُل yus

alu

Perfect Imperfect Imperative

َق َر َأ qara

a, to read َي ْق َر ُأ yaqra

u ِإ ْق َر ْأ

iqra

!

َب ُط َؤ bat

̇

u

a, to be slow َي ْب ُط ُؤ yabt

̇

u

u ُأ ْب ُط ْؤ

ubt

̇

u

!

َخ ِط َئ h

̆

at

̇

i

a, to be mistaken َي ْخ َط ُأ yah

̆

t

̇

a

u ِإ ْخ َط ْأ

ih

̆

t

̇

a

!

226

Verbs with

hamzah