Arabic: An Essential Grammar

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See conjugation A2.11 of the verb َخا َف in Appendix 2.


32.5 The weak middle radical ..و.. /w/ also becomes ...ـيـ.. /y/ in


the perfect passive. This ...ـيـ.. /y/ is then assimilated to the preceding


kasrah, producing the long vowel ı ̄. See the table and the conjugation in


the appendices.


32.6 In the active participle of the basic verb form (I), the weak

middle radical ..ـو. /w/ or ..ـيـ.. /y/ is changed to hamzah with kasrah


..ـ ِ ئـ..., /



i/, e.g.

َنا َل (نيل) ِنْل َن َناِلي َناُلوا َن ْل َي َن ْل َي َنا َل َي َنا ُل


na ̄la (nyl) yana ̄lu yana ̄la yanal nal na ̄lu ̄ na ̄lı


  • nilna


to

obtain

obtain!

Perfect Imperfect

Form Active Root Passive Active Passive

َقا َل (قول) ِقي َل ُي َقا ُل َي ُقو ُل


Iqa ̄la, to say (qwl) qı


  • la, it was said yaqu ̄lu yuqa ̄lu


َبا َع (بيع) ِبي َع ُي َبا ُع َي ِبي ُع


Iba ̄


a, to sell (by


)bı


  • 
    a, it was sold yabı

    • 
      u yuba ̄





u

َأ َما َل (ميل) ُأ ِمي َل ُي َما ُل ُي ِمي ُل


IV


ama ̄la, to

bend

(myl)


umı


  • la, it was


bent

yumı


  • lu yuma ̄lu


ِإ ْس َت َعا َد (عود) ُأ ْس ُت ِعي َد ُي ْس َت َعا ُد َي ْس َت ِعي ُد


X


ista


a ̄da, to

recall

(


wd)


ustu


ı


  • da, it


was recalled

yasta


ı


  • du yusta



a ̄du

Note: The two verbs َكا َن ka ̄na ‘he was’ and َل ْي َس laysa ‘is not, are not’ have no passive
forms.

Perfect Active participle

َقا َل َق ِائ ٌل (for: َقا ِو ٌل


qa ̄la, to say qa ̄


ilun, teller, saying qa ̄wilun)

239

Verbs with
a weak
middle
radical
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