Arabic: An Essential Grammar

35.12 Seasons of the year

ر ِبي ُعََّأل^

ar-rabı

• 
  u, spring

used in Egypt,

Sudan and

North Africa

used in

eastern Arab

world

the Islamic or

lunar months

(2) February ُش َبا ُط َف ْب َرا ِي ُر َص َف ٌر

sˇuba ̄t

̇

us

̇

afarun

(3) March َما ْر ُس ا َذا ُرƒ و ُلََّر ِبي ُع ْ َلأ




a ̄d

̄

a ̄ru rabı

• 
  u l-

awwalu

(4) April َأ ْب ِري ُل َن ْي َسا ُن ثا ِنيََّر ِبي ُع ل

naysa ̄nu rabı

• 
  u t
  ̄

-t

̄

a ̄nı

• 
  

(5) May َما ُيو يا ُرََّأ لأوَلىُُج َما َدى ْ




ayya ̄ru g ̆uma ̄da ̄ l-

u ̄la ̄

(6) June ُيو ِن ُيو َح ِزي َرا ُن ُج َما َدى ْلآ ِخ َر ُة

h

̇

azı

• ra ̄nu g ̆uma ̄da l-

a ̄h

̆

iratu

(7) July ُيوِل ُيو مو ُزَُّت َر َج ٌب

tammu ̄zu rag ̆abun

(8) August ا ُب ُأ ُغ ْس ُط ُسƒ َش ْع َبا ُن




a ̄bu sˇa



ba ̄nu

(9) September َأ ْيُلو ُل َس ْب َت ْم َب ُر َر َم َضا ُن




aylu ̄lu ramad

̇

a ̄nu

(10) October و ُل ُأ ْك ُتو َب ُرَّوا ٌل ِت ْش ِري ُن ْ َلأََّش

tisˇrı

• nu l-

awwalu sˇawwa ̄lu

(11) November ثا ِني ُنو َف ْم َب ُرَُّذو ْل ِق ْع َد ِة ِت ْش ِري ُن ل

tisˇrı

• nu t
  ̄

-t

̄

a ̄nı

• d
  ̄

u ̄ l-qi



dati

(12) December و ُل ِدي َس ْم َب ُرَّج ِة َكا ُنو ُن ْ َلأَّ ُذوْل ِح

ka ̄nu ̄nu l-

awwalu d

̄

u ̄ l-h

̇

ig ̆g ̆ati

Note: The months of the Islamic lunar calendar rotate backwards, because the lunar year

is about 11 days shorter than the solar year.

275

Ordinal

numbers,

fractions,

expres-

sions of

time,

calendars