Arabic: An Essential Grammar

percentages 273– 4

perfect tense 78–82, 128– 30

personal pronouns 79–80, 87–94,

99 – 100, 289– 90

pharyngealized consonants see

emphatic consonants

pluperfect tense 241

plural number 72–4, 144–6, 181–2,

184

positional variants of letters 1, 2–3, 27

possession

to have 55–6, 91




id

̇

a ̄fah constructions 61– 4

possessive pronouns 89

prepositions 53–7, 91–2, 185, 186,

188, 293– 5

primary prepositions 53– 4

pronouns

interrogative 169–71, 204–5, 312

personal 79–80, 87–94, 99–100,

289 – 90

possessive 89

reciprocal/reflexive 101, 102

relative 201– 5

pronunciation

consonants 5– 8

hamzah 26

vowels 13– 14

word stress 22– 3

proper names 152– 3

punctuation 9

qabla 55, 188

qad 82, 110, 295, 310

qa ̄f 3, 7, 14, 40

qalla 293

qa ̄ma 293

quadrilateral verbs 115, 219–20,

335 – 6

ra ̄

2, 6, 14, 39

radicals (verbs) 79, 106–17, 115

hamzah 224 – 6, 250– 1

weak 231

rag ̇ma 313

reciprocal pronoun 102

reciprocal verbs 120

reflexive pronouns 101

reflexive verbs 120, 121– 2

relative adjectives 182– 4

relative clauses 201– 5

root (verbs) 79, 115

sa... 109, 310

s

̇

a ̄d 2, 6, 14, 39, 122

sˇaddah 17, 39, 218

sanata 264 – 5

s

̇

a ̄ra 196, 293

sˇarrun 186

sawfa 109, 310

seasons of the year 275– 6

secondary prepositions 55

separate personal pronouns 87– 8

short vowels 13– 14

sı ̄n 2, 6, 39

sˇı ̄n 2, 6, 39

siwa ̄ 282, 284

sound plurals 72–4, 89–90, 145, 146,

184, 260

stress in words 22– 3

strokes and dots 10

strong verbs 231

subjunctive mood 106, 209– 12

subordinating conjunctions 194–5,

209 – 10, 284–5, 295, 309, 313

suffix pronouns 88–94, 203–4, 205,

289 – 90

suku ̄n 17, 28, 39, 136

sun letters 39

superlative sentences 186– 8

syllable structure 22– 3

ta ̄

2, 5, 10, 39

ta ̄

marbu ̄t

̇

ah 8, 46–7, 70, 183, 184

t

̇

a ̄

2, 7, 14, 39

t-a ̄

2, 5, 10, 39

tamyı ̄z 304 – 5

tanwı ̄nun see nunation

telling the time 272

tenses 78

using auxiliary verbs 240–1, 290–3,

312

see also imperfect tense, perfect

tense

there is/are 177

thousands 262, 263

time 272

transitive verbs 117– 22

transliteration of Arabic letters 2–3,

24 – 5

trilateral verbs 79, 115, 218– 19

triptotes 151–6, 181

t-umma 52

verbal nouns 162–4, 211, 219–20,

302

verbal sentences 33

verbs 78– 80

auxiliary 240–1, 290–3, 312

(^354) conjugation paradigms 328– 49
Index