Arabic: An Essential Grammar

23 Participles, verbal nouns (mas

̇

dar), nouns of place, time and

instrument 160

24 Interrogative particles and pronouns, vocative particles 169

25 Adjectival patterns, relative adjectives (nisbah),

comparatives and superlatives, diminutives 181

26

Inna َنّ ِإ and its sisters, ka ̄na َكـا َن and its sisters 193

27 Relative pronouns and relative clauses 201

28 Moods: subjunctive, jussive (apocopatus) and imperative 209

29 Doubled verbs (mediae geminatae) and quadriliteral verbs 218

30 Verbs with hamzah 224

31 Verbs with a weak initial radical 231

32 Verbs with a weak middle radical 237

33 Verbs with a weak final radical, doubly weak verbs and

weak verbs with hamzah 246

34 Cardinal numbers 256

35 Ordinal numbers, fractions, expressions of time and

calendars 269

36 Exception 282

37 Verbs of wonder, the negative copula َل ْي َس laysa, verbs with

special uses and some special uses of the preposition ِبـ.. bi... 289

38 Adverbs and adverbials, absolute or inner object, h

̇

a ̄l

(circumstantial clause) and tamyı ̄z (accusative of

specification) 299

39 Conditional sentences 309

Appendices

Appendix 1 Tables of verb forms 319

Appendix 2 Verb conjugation paradigms 328

Index 351

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