Arabic: An Essential Grammar

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1
ُكِلَمـْل َثَعَب

2
اًرَبَخ

3

. ِريـِف َّ سلَو ِرـيِزَوـْلـِل ًاّماَه


(9) ba


at
̄

a l-maliku h
̆

abaran ha ̄mman li-l-wazı


  • ri wa-s-safı

    • ri.




The king
1
sent an
3
important
2
message to the minister and to the

ambassador.

1
َلَمَح

2
ُبا َّ وَبْل

3
ًةـَطْنـَش / ًةَبيـِقَح

4

. ِرِجا َّ تلـِل


(10) h
̇


amala l-bawwa ̄bu h
̇

aqı


  • batan / sˇant
    ̇


atan li-t-ta ̄g ̆iri.
2
The doorman
1
carried
3
a bag
4
belonging to the merchant.

َلـَكَأ


1
ُنوُب َّ زـل

2
اًكَمَس

3
اًبيِلَح َبِرـَش َّ مـُث ًاّيِلـْقَم

4
اًدِراَب

5

. َضِرَمَف


(11)



akala z-zabu ̄nu samakan maqliyyan t
̄

umma sˇariba h
̇

alı


  • ban ba ̄ridan


fa-marid
̇

a.

The
1
guest (customer) ate
3
fried
2
fish, then he drank
4
cold milk
5
and (so

he) got sick.

1
ُتْلِمَع

2
يِف ِسْمَأ / َةَحِراَبْل

3
ى َّ تَح ِلْي َّ لل
صل^4

. ِحاَب َّ


(12)



amiltu l-ba ̄rih
̇

ata /


amsi fı


  • l-layli h
    ̇


atta ̄ s
̇

-s
̇

aba ̄h
̇

i.
2
Yesterday
1
I worked through
3
the night until
4
(the) morning.

اًباَتِك ُتْأَرَق


1
ِنَع

2
ٍبِتاَكـِل َ ّيِبَرَعْل ِبَدَلأ

3
ّيِبَنْجَأ

ٍ
.

(13) qara



tu kita ̄ban


ani l-


adabi l-


arabiyyi li-ka ̄tibin


ag ̆nabiyyin.

I read a book
1
about Arabic
2
literature by
3
a foreign writer.

ه


ا
َذ

1
ّ طلـِل ُماَع َّ طل

ِ


. ِلْف


(14) ha ̄d
̄


a ̄ t
̇

-t
̇

a


a ̄mu li-t
̇

-t
̇

ifli.

This
1
food is for the child (or: the child’s).

1
ُف َّ ظَوُمـْل َدَعَو

2
ُذْنُم

3
ٍعوُبْسُأ

4

. ِلَمَعْل ىَلِإ ِةَدْوَعْلˆِب


(15) wa



ada l-muwad
̇ ̄

d
̄ ̇

afu mund
̄

u


usbu ̄


in bi-l-


awdati


ila ̄ l-


amali.
3
A week
2
ago the employee
1
promised that he would
4
return to work.

ِبَتـْكَمـْل يـِف ُسِدنهُمـْلَأ


1
يِف ُلِماـَعْلَو

2

. ِعَنـْصَمـْل


(16)



al-muhandisu fı


  • l-maktabi wa-l-



a ̄milu fı


  • l-mas
    ̇


na


i.

The engineer is in the office
1
and the worker is in
2
the factory.

1
ِتَحَمَس

2
ُةَموُكُحـْل

3
ٍفِرْصَم ِسيِسْأَتـِب

4

. ِةـَعاَر َ ّزـلـِل


(17) samah
̇


ati l-h
̇

uku ̄matu bi-ta




  • si mas
    ̇


rifin li-z-zira ̄


ati.
2
The government
1
permitted
3
the establishment of an
4
agricultural bank.

59

Conjunc-
tions,
preposi-
tions and
the particle

تىََّح h
̇

atta ̄
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