bei48482_FM

electromagnetic theory, the electromagnetic field can be described in terms of the potentials Vand A instead of in terms of Eand ...

Liquid hydrogen bubble chamber photograph showing the production of a baryon by the interaction of a Kmeson (moving upward fr ...

Σ− Σ^0 Σ+ Λ^0 N np Λ Σ Ξ Ξ− Ξ^0 Mass Figure 13.7Baryon supermultiplet whose members have spin ^32 and Figure 13.8Origin of the ...

particles. Gell-Mann called these particles quarks from the phrase “three quarks for Muster Mark” that appears in James Joyce’s ...

Elementary Particles 491 Table 13.5Compositions of some hadrons according to the quark model Quark Baryon Hadron Content Number ...

its observed lifetime. On a deeper level, the strong interaction can be considered as being based on quark color, just as the el ...

Table 13.6Quarks and leptons and the interactions that affect them. Ordinary matter involves only the first generation. For each ...

Quark confinement is not the only example in physics of things that cannot be separated—the north and south poles of a magnet ca ...

Computer reconstruction of the results of a proton-antiproton collision in which a Wboson was cre- ated. The UAI detector is out ...

496 Chapter Thirteen a quark changes the quark’s color. For instance, a blue quark that emits a blue-antired gluon becomes a red ...

The next step is to weave together the electroweak and color interactions into a grand unified theory(GUT) that reveals the exac ...

road to a Theory of Everything. But thus far its predictions cannot be directly con- fronted with the results of experiment, so ...

From 10^43 to 10^35 s the universe cooled from 10^28 to 10^23 eV. At energies like these the strong, electromagnetic, and weak ...

helium nuclei before their decay. Nuclear synthesis stopped at about T 5 min when the ratio of helium mass to total mass should ...

Once matter and radiation were decoupled, gravity became the dominant influence on the evolution of the universe. Density fluctu ...

To find the value of the critical density (^) cwe begin the same way we would to find the escape velocity from the earth. The gr ...

The critical density for a flat universe depends only on Hubble’s parameter H, which is not accurately known. A reasonable value ...

flat but as much as perhaps 99 percent, not merely 90 percent, of the matter in it is dark matter. Finding the nature of the dar ...

Exercises 505 energy of the ^0. How long does the uncertainty principle allow the virtual nucleon-antinucleon pair to exist? Is ...

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