Nuclear transformations—Cont.
radioactive series, 430 – 432
radiometric dating, 428, 429
triple-alpha reaction, 462, 463
Nucleons, 388
Nuclides, 388Odd-even nuclides, 398
Ohm’s law, 350
“On Faraday’s Lines of Force” (Maxwell), 54
Onnes, Heike Kamerlingh, 376
Open universe, 501
Operators, 172 – 177
Optical properties of solids, 359
Optical pumping, 147, 148
Orbital, 274, 276 – 281
Orbital quantum number, 205, 206, 208 – 210
Order, 74
Orthogonal, 198
Orthohelium, 262
Oscillator energies, 61Pair annihilation, 81
Pair production, 79 – 85
Pairing energy, 407
Parahelium, 262
Partial derivative, 164
Particle in a box, 106, 107, 177 – 183
Particle properties of waves, 52 – 91
black holes, 88, 89
blackbody radiation, 57 – 62
Compton effect, 75 – 79
electromagnetic waves, 52 – 57
gravitational red shift, 87, 88
light, what is it, 67, 68
pair production, 79 – 85
photoelectric effect, 62 – 67
photons and gravity, 85 – 89
Planck radiation formula, 60 – 62
work function, 64, 65
x-ray diffraction, 72 – 75
x-rays, 68 – 72
Particles. SeeElementary particles
Paschen series, 130
Pauli exclusion principle, 478
Pauli, Wolfgang, 111, 229, 233, 455
Pauling, Linus, 279, 280
Penzias, Arno, 500
Perihelion of Mercury’s orbit, 36
Perihelion of planetary orbit, 35
Periodic law, 235
Periodic table, 235 – 246
Periodicals, 525
Periods, 236
PET scan, 438
Pfund series, 130
Phase velocity, 97 – 103
Phonon, 297, 322
Phosphorescence, 293538 Index
Phosphorescent radiation, 293
Phosphorus, 360
Photino, 503
Photodiodes, 364
Photoelectric effect, 62 – 67, 83
Photoelectric work function, 64, 65
Photoelectrons, 62
Photon absorption, 82 – 84
Photon distribution function, 314
Photon energy, 66
Photon mass, 85
Photon momentum, 75
Photon wavelength, 93
Photons, 64
Physical constants/conversion factors, 529
Physicists. SeeBiographies
Piezoelectricity, 186
Pion, 413, 415, 416, 479
Planck length, 499
Planck, Max, 60 – 62, 64, 298, 313
Planck radiation formula, 60 – 62, 313
Planck radiation law, 313 – 318
Planck time, 499
Planck’s constant, 60
Plasma, 464
Plutonium, 457, 458
p-njunction, 362
Point defect, 337
Polar molecules, 345
Polarizability, 345
Polyatomic molecules, 292
Population inversion, 147
Positive beta decay, 398, 399
Positron emission, 398, 399, 421, 439
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan, 438
Positronium, 141
Postulates of special relativity, 3
Pound, Robert V., 86
Pound-Rebka experiment, 86
Powell, C.F., 413
Practical lasers, 149 – 151
Principal quantum number, 205 – 208
Principle of equivalence, 33, 34
Principle of relativity, 3
Principle of superposition, 55, 169, 170
Probability density, 96
Prokhorov, Aleksander, 147
Proper length, 15
Proper mass, 24
Proper time, 5
Proton-proton cycle, 460, 461
p-type semiconductor, 360, 361
Pulsars, 36, 330, 331
Purcell, Edward, 355Quantization
angular-momentum direction of, 210 – 212
angular-momentum magnitude of, 208 – 210
atomic world, 136
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