258 Index of topics
chat circles, 239
chatgroups, 3, 11–12, 15, 29–33, 35, 71,
129–70, 206, 226
abbreviations, 81, 84–6
anonymity, 50–1, 166–7
asynchronous, 11–12, 31, 44, 100, 120,
130–51, 155, 159, 239
body content, 137–8, 141–2, 144
closeness to speech and writing, 41–7
compared with books, 135–6
compared with e-mails, 129–30, 139
compared with virtual worlds, 172,
175–7, 179–80, 183, 187
farewells, 143–4, 154–5
flaming, 55–6
framing, 119–20
greetings, 140–2, 154–5
idiosyncrasy, 60
in language teaching, 234
languages used, 219
lurking, 53
membership, 129
message length, 134, 144–6, 156–7, 167
non-standard language, 88, 165, 236–7
on the Web, 204
paragraphs, 156
punctuation, 89
purpose, 167–70
saving keystrokes, 87
smileys used, 39, 164
standard English used, 79
synchronous, 11–12, 31, 44, 57, 130, 145,
146, 149, 151–67
syntax, 40, 91
terminology, 129
topics, 137–40, 146–7, 151–2
topic-shifting, 58, 71–2, 142, 146–7,
162–3
topography, 137
trolling, 52
typography, 87
usefulness, 149–50
variation, 131–2, 144, 165
Chatnet, 154
chatroomsseechatgroups
children’s language development, 128
Chinese, 21, 222
Cirth, 219
citation, 202
clarity, 2, 58, 79, 98, 110–11, 206
classroom, virtual, 234
cliche, 108
closingsseefarewells
CMCseecomputer-mediated
communication
code-switching, 166, 220
coherence
of chatgroups, 157–9, 168–70
of e-mails, 112–13, 120–1
of virtual worlds, 183
colloquialism, 41, 75, 79, 122, 164–5, 182,
186
colour, 46, 124, 165, 196, 201–2, 205
columns on screen, 205
.com,20
combining forms, 83
commas, repeated, 89
comment clauses, 40
commentary, 181, 185, 193
common core, 62–93
communication, types of, 125
communications technology, vii, 2, 5, 10,
174, 225
asymmetry, 110
familiarity, 145, 148–9
limitations, 47, 228–31
medium, 74–6, 134
options, 196
rhythm, 31
trends, 223–42
communicative competence, 57
community, 17, 59, 169–70, 189
componential analysis, 210
compose screens, 95
composition
joint, 48
written, 232
compound words, 75, 80, 86–7, 165
computer-assisted language learning, 232
computer-mediated communication, 17,
30, 59, 159, 200, 232
weirdness, 48
computer-mediated language, 238–9
computer networks, 2–3
computer science, 81
concord, 165
concreteness, 98
conferences (WELL), 129, 131, 133
confidentiality, 105, 109
conformity of style, 124