66 FARRERAS
Biophysical Applications (Shy, Chief ), Neuroradiology (Giovanni
DiChiro, Chief ), and Shy’s Section of the Chief.
Baldwin’s Surgical Neurology Branch studied epilepsy, particularly
in the temporal lobe, within its seven sections: Clinical Psychology
(Laurence L. Frost and later Herbert Lansdell, Chiefs), Clinical
Neuropathology (Ellsworth C. Alvord, Jr., and later Igor Klatzo, Chiefs),
Experimental Neurosurgery (Choh-luh Li, Chief ), Developmental
Neurology (Anatole Dekaban, Chief ), Pain and Neuroanesthesiol
ogy (Kenneth Hall, Chief ), Primate Neurology, and Baldwin’s Section
of the Chief.^5
An MNI colleague, Cosimo Ajmone-Marsan was recruited in Janu
ary 1954 to head the Electroencephalography Branch. This branch
complemented the Surgical Neurology Branch with its work on epi
lepsy and surgical treatments, but also provided routine diagnostic
service to the other institutes at the time.^6 When Paul Chatfield, in the
Medical Neurology Branch, retired in 1956, his Section on Clinical
Neurophysiology was transferred to Ajmone-Marsan’s branch and José
del Castillo became its new chief.
The Ophthalmology Branch was not established, under Ludwig von
Sallmann, until late 1954, but it quickly became a very large branch.
It split off from the NINDB in 1969 to become the founding core of
the National Eye Institute.^7 Sallmann’s branch consisted of the Oph
thalmological Disorders Services (James O’Rourke, Chief ), and the
Ophthalmology Pharmacology (Frank J. Macri, Chief ), Ophthalmology
Chemistry (Robert A. Resnik, Chief ), Ophthalmology Physiology
(Michelangelo Fuortes, Chief ), Ophthalmology Histopathology, Oph
thalmology Bacteriology, and Chief Sections. The branch complement
ed the intramural research program’s work on neurological and sensory
disorders by studying eye diseases, at that time glaucoma and cataracts
in particular.
In June 1960, the joint NIMH-NINDB intramural research pro
gram was dissolved and independent intramural basic research programs
were created within each institute. This naturally affected the basic re
search program of the NINDB more than it did the clinical program
but in its reorganization, Tower’s Section on Clinical Neurochemistry