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4QpaleoExodm XVII
30

Mkyw explicating plus.^953

Q296 MT Exod 17:16 rdm SV(1) – Interchange of preposi-
4QpaleoExodm tions.
XVIII 1

rwd d(

Q297 MT Exod 17:16 rd SV(1) – The MT lacks the con-
4QpaleoExodm junction.
XVIII 1

rwdw

Q298 MT Exod 18:2 rx) OV(l) – Difference in grammati-
4QpaleoExodm cal form.^954
XVIII 4

y[

Q299 MT Exod 18:6 yn) SV(1) – Lexical interchange.^955
4QpaleoExodm
XVIII 8

hnh

Q300 MT Exod 18:13 rqbh Nm SV(1) – 4QpaleoExodm lacks the
4QpaleoExodm definite article.
XVIII 21

rqb Nm

Q301 MT Exod 18:16 )b SV(1) – The MT lacks the con-
4QpaleoExodm junction.
XVIII 25

)[ ]w

953
The verb √#lx, “discomfit, defeat,” does double duty in the MT taking both the object wm( t)w qlm( t),
“Amaleq and his people,” and the instrument brx yp, “the edge of the sword.,” The MT has the following
construction: brx ypl wm( t)w qlm( t) (#why #lxyw, “And Joshua defeated Amaleq and his people with the
edge of the sword.” 4QpaleoExodm and the SP both have the verb √hkn, “to strike,” coordinating with the
instrument and restate the object as a pronominal suffix attached to the verb, giving the following reading:
brx ypl Mkyw wm( t)w qlm( t) (#why #lxyw, “And Joshua defeated Amaleq and his people, and he struck
them with the edge of the sword.” 954
The form in 4QpaleoExodm can be restored yrx), which is used as an adverb with a temporal sense,
while the form in the MT is also used adverbially and has essentially the same temporal meaning of “after”
(see 955 HALOT, 35-36). The difference between the forms may be dialectal.
J.E. Sanderson, An Exodus Scroll from Qumran, 142, regards the two lexemes as synonymous in the
context: “If it is taken impersonally ... then a third party is announcing Jethro’s coming to Moses, with the
word hnh ... If it is taken as Jethro’s speaking through a messenger, then the messenger has gone ahead and
is speaking in Jethro’s name, with the word yn).”