History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073.

in their own familiar tongue, and is, next to the Psalter, the chief feeder of public and private devotion. In this body of evan ...

Marriage lies at the basis of the family and society in church and state, and was most closely and jealously guarded by the chur ...

retained, the Calvinistic churches rejected it, especially in Switzerland and Scotland; but in recent times the opposition has l ...

§ 99. The Worship of Saints. Comp. vol. III. §§ 81–87 (p. 409–460). The Worship of Saints, handed down from the Nicene age, was ...

distinguished the act of beatification, which simply declares that a departed Catholic Christian is blessed (beatus) in heaven, ...

The question, how the saints and the Virgin Mary can hear so many thousands of prayers addressed to them simultaneously in so ma ...

Constantinople were dedicated to St. Michael, and Justinian rebuilt two which had become dilapidated. In the West it is first me ...

The literature on the image-controversy is much colored by the doctrinal stand-point of the writers. Gibbon treats it with cold ...

popes (Gregory II., Gregory III. and Hadrian I). It maintained the right and duty of using and worshipping images of Christ, the ...

The iconoclastic party, however, was not consistent; for it adhered to saint-worship which is the root of image-worship, and ins ...

images of Christ, of the Virgin Mother of God, and of the other saints, are to be had and retained particularly in temples, and ...

the artistic Greeks the place of the relics among the rude Western nations. Images were made to do service as sponsors in the na ...

Constantine V., surnamed Copronymos,^540 during his long reign of thirty-four years (741–775), kept up his father’s policy with ...

Auxentius, opposite Constantinople (called "the new Stephanus," to distinguish him from the proto-martyr). The emperor made even ...

Under images were understood the sign of the cross, and pictures of Christ, of the Virgin Mary, of angels and saints. They may b ...

churches disregard the council because they condemn image-worship as a refined form of idolatry and as a fruitful source of supe ...

the foot of the altar. Theophilus (829–842) was the last and the most cruel of the iconoclastic emperors. He persecuted the monk ...

Francof., 1608 (67 sqq.), and in the first vol. of his Collection of Constitutiones imperiales, with the addition of the last ch ...

churches and to perpetuate and popularize the memory of the persons and events which they represent. Yet even this is not necess ...

Notes. The Caroline Books, if not written by Charlemagne, are at all events issued in his name; for the author repeatedly calls ...