Luigi Tosti: Storia dell’ origine dello scisma greco. Firenze 1856. 2 vols.
H. Lämmer: Papst. Nikolaus I. und die byzantinische Staatskirche seiner Zeit. Berlin, 1857.
Ad. d’Avril: Documents relatifs aux églises de l’Orient, considerée dans leur rapports avec le
saint-siége de Rome. Paris, 1862.
Karl Werner: Geschichte der Apol. und polemischen Literatur. Schaffhausen, 1864, vol. III. 3 ff.
J. Hergenröther: (Prof. of Church History in Würzburg, now Cardinal in Rome): Photius, Patriarch
von Constantinopel. Sein Leben, seine Schriften und das griechische Schisma. Regensburg,
1867–1869, 3 vols.
C. Jos. von Hefele (Bishop of Rottenburg): Conciliengeschichte. Freiburg i. B., vols. IV., V., VI.,
VII. (revised ed. 1879 sqq.)
III. Protestant writers:
J. G. Walch (Luth.): Historia controversiae Graecorum Latinorumque de Processione Sp. S. Jena,
1751.
Gibbon: Decline and Fall, etc., Ch. LX. He views the schism as one of the causes which precipitated
the decline and fall of the Roman empire in the East by alienating its most useful allies and
strengthening its most dangerous enemies.
John Mason Neale (Anglican): A History of the Holy Eastern Church. Lond. 1850. Introd. vol. II.
1093–1169.
Edmund S. Foulkes (Anglic.): An Historical Account of the Addition of the word Filioque to the
Creed of the West. Lond. 1867.
W. Gass: Symbolik der griechischen Kirche. Berlin, 1872.
H. B. Swete (Anglic.): Early History of the Doctrine of the Holy Spirit, Cambr. 1873; and History
of the Doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit from the Apost. Age to the Death of
Charlemagne. Cambr. 1876.
IV. Old Catholic Writers (irenical):
Joseph Langen: Die Trinitarische Lehrdifferenz zwischen der abendländischen und der
morgenländischen Kirche. Bonn, 1876.
The Proceedings of the second Old Catholic Union-Conference in Bonn, 1875, ed. in German by
Heinrich Reusch; English ed. with introduction by Canon Liddon (Lond. 1876); Amer. ed.
transl. by Dr. Samuel Buel, with introduction by Dr. R. Nevin (N. Y. 1876). The union-theses
of Bonn are given in Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, vol. II., 545–550.
§ 68. The Consensus and Dissensus between the Greek and Latin Churches.
No two churches in the world are at this day so much alike, and yet so averse to each other as
the Oriental or Greek, and the Occidental or Roman. They hold, as an inheritance from the patristic
age, essentially the same body of doctrine, the same canons of discipline, the same form of worship;
and yet their antagonism seems irreconcilable. The very affinity breeds jealousy and friction. They
are equally exclusive: the Oriental Church claims exclusive orthodoxy, and looks upon Western
Christendom as heretical; the Roman Church claims exclusive catholicity, and considers all other
churches as heretical or schismatical sects. The one is proud of her creed, the other of her dominion.
In all the points of controversy between Romanism and Protestantism the Greek Church is much
nearer the Roman, and yet there is no more prospect of a union between them than of a union